“芯”太狠！10元芯片卖400元，这3家汽车芯片经销商被重罚了

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“缺芯”不是“炒芯”的理由。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因哄擡价格，3家汽车芯片经销商被重罚"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"芯片荒还在持续，供需矛盾之下也造成了很多市场乱象。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，国家市场监督管理总局依法对上海锲特电子有限公司、上海诚胜实业有限公司、深圳市誉畅科技有限公司三家汽车芯片经销企业哄擡汽车芯片价格行为共处250万元罚款。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"经查，上海锲特、上海诚胜、深圳誉畅3家经销企业大幅加价销售部分汽车芯片，如进价不到10元的芯片，以400多元的高价销售，涨幅达40倍。而在供需平衡交易条件下，汽车芯片贸易商的加价率一般为7%-10%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三家经销企业利用我国汽车芯片供需失衡，在采购价格基本稳定的情况下，大幅加价销售汽车芯片。下游汽车零配件企业因无芯片可用，面临断供违约赔偿的风险，不得不接受当事人高额报价。经销企业这种大幅加价行为，不仅不能增加产品供应，缓解供需矛盾，反而制造紧张情绪，致使零配件制造商、车企等各环节恐慌性备货，进一步加剧供需失衡，推动价格过快、过高上涨，扰乱了市场价格秩序。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"市场监管总局称，上述企业行为违反了《中华人民共和国价格法》第十四条“经营者不得有下列不正当价格行为：捏造、散布涨价信息，哄擡价格，推动商品价格过高上涨”的规定，构成《价格违法行为行政处罚规定》第六条第一款第（三）项所指的“利用其他手段哄擡价格，推动商品价格过快、过高上涨的”价格违法行为。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"9月7日，市场监管总局依法对三家经销企业哄擡汽车芯片价格行为作出行政处罚，共处罚款250万元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"市场监督管理总局称，今年上半年，受全球半导体行业整体开工不足、日本地震、美国德州暴雪等事件叠加影响，汽车芯片供给严重不足。我国国内疫情得到有效控制，新能源汽车产能扩大，对芯片需求明显增加，加之5G技术发展迅速，电子领域对芯片的需求快速增加，挤占了部分汽车芯片的产能，导致国内汽车芯片供需失衡。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"与此同时，国内有个别不法商贩、游资集团恶意抢购芯片，囤积居奇、哄擡价格，造成部分汽车芯片价格持续上涨，有的上涨3-10倍，个别上涨达30-40倍，严重影响了我国汽车行业有序生产和健康发展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"据市场监管总局调查，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"今年以来，汽车芯片生产商、授权代理商等销售芯片价格上涨幅度为10%-15%，个别芯片上涨50%。"},{"type":"text","text":" 有个别经销企业趁机恶意抢购短缺芯片，大幅加价销售，哄擡价格，牟取高额利润。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下一步，市场监管总局还将继续密切关注芯片领域价格秩序，强化价格监测，严厉打击囤积居奇、哄擡价格等违法行为，维护良好市场秩序。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此前，"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzNjUxMzk2NQ==&mid=2247513247&idx=1&sn=550fa414b3983a4f842f82eb883f3d7c&chksm=e8d44b5ddfa3c24be4879d68779b8c43d541693fa8c49b7d0d23e86e617e41354f72eb321716&scene=27#wechat_redirect","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"央视财经"}]},{"type":"text","text":"对“炒芯”行为发表评论：部分经销商恶意涨价，引发市场价格混乱，加剧市场恐慌情绪。汽车企业无奈选择大量囤货扫货，提高芯片库存，以抵御未来风险，进一步加剧“缺芯”的困境，导致恶性循环。在一些人眼中，“炒芯”似乎是“缺芯”的必然产物，但是当更多拿不到芯片的汽车企业扛不住，停产了甚至倒闭了，最终伤害的又是谁？“蒜你狠”变成“蒜你惨”的例子就在眼前。“缺芯”不是“炒芯”的理由。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"汽车行业，缺芯严重"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"汽车芯片是汽车制造业重要元件，一辆普通汽车需要芯片200多颗，新能源汽车则至少需要500颗。汽车芯片短缺导致我国汽车产销明显下降，我国6月份乘用车产销分别完成155.5万辆和156.9万辆，环比分别下降3.8%和4.7%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"蔓延全球范围内的缺芯已令不少车企感到“头疼”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"福特、大众以及捷豹路虎等企业已经关闭部分工厂、被迫裁员并削减汽车产量。Plurimi Investment Managers 公司 CIO Patrick Armstrong 曾在今年 5 月接受采访时，表达了更为悲观的预期 ，“只要听听福特、宝马、大众的真实感受，就会意识到目前的汽车产能体系中出现了严重瓶颈，他们拿不到生产新车所需要的芯片。”他认为这种情况或将持续 18 个月之久。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年7月，特斯拉CEO马斯克在2021第二季度财报电话会议中称为了应对芯片短缺造成的危机，特斯拉正在"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/8vcKhh9qxKsfrSzpgYbT","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"重写"}]},{"type":"text","text":"其汽车软件，以支持替代芯片。“我们使用了替代芯片，然后花几周时间编写固件，”马斯克说。“这不仅仅是更换芯片那么简单，还必须要重写软件。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"马斯克还称，特斯拉未来的增长取决于全球半导体短缺是否能迅速解决。“全球芯片短缺仍然会继续，而且很严重。在今年余下的时间里，我们的增长取决于供应链中最缓慢的部分。” “我们最大的挑战是供应链，尤其是微控制器芯片。从来没有见过这样的事情”，马斯克说道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一位汽车行业专家曾在接受 InfoQ 采访时表示，“微控制器芯片芯片比传统汽车的周边芯片显得更为重要，属于汽车上提供复杂功能的控制器部分，涉及到比如液晶仪表、大屏显示，以及控制车锁车灯等等。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美国咨询公司 AlixPartners 的数据显示，"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzU1NDA4NjU2MA==&mid=2247543136&idx=1&sn=fb9589be1f32f9fe2b03ccf8a8b01162&chksm=fbea90afcc9d19b9fbf6d023c8e7571ea6510a96bee2074a8ffaa74dda38b2c72aabb12931b3&scene=27#wechat_redirect","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全球芯片短缺将"}]},{"type":"text","text":"使今年的汽车产量减少约 390 万辆，使制造商损失近 1100 亿美元的收入。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"彭博社此前报道称，由于芯片供应短缺，部分汽车制造商不得不在产品中剔除某些高端功能。据报道，日产公司就决定将部分车型中的标配导航系统去除；而 RAM Trucks 也取消了 1500 辆皮卡上配备的防盲区“智能”后视镜。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全球第四大汽车制造商 Stellantis不久前表示，芯片短缺问题在过去一个季度中有持续恶化的趋势。不少业内人士认为，缺芯态势很可能延续至 2022 年。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"参考链接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http:\/\/www.samr.gov.cn\/xw\/zj\/202109\/t20210910_334620.html","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"http:\/\/www.samr.gov.cn\/xw\/zj\/202109\/t20210910_334620.html"}],"marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzU1NDA4NjU2MA==&mid=2247543136&idx=1&sn=fb9589be1f32f9fe2b03ccf8a8b01162&chksm=fbea90afcc9d19b9fbf6d023c8e7571ea6510a96bee2074a8ffaa74dda38b2c72aabb12931b3&scene=27#wechat_redirect","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzU1NDA4NjU2MA==&mid=2247543136&idx=1&sn=fb9589be1f32f9fe2b03ccf8a8b01162&chksm=fbea90afcc9d19b9fbf6d023c8e7571ea6510a96bee2074a8ffaa74dda38b2c72aabb12931b3&scene=27#wechat_redirect"}],"marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}]}]}]}