从架构实践出发，深入剖析美团低代码平台-WOLF

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"作者 | 闫园园"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"采访嘉宾 | 美团技术专家李勇"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"前段时间，有关低代码的争论一度刷爆了互联网圈。虽然笔者认为这种争论可谓是“百家争鸣”，对于低代码本身的发展是大有裨益的，但在此过程中，笔者也注意到大家的关注点似乎有些偏颇。毕竟，低代码在国外已经发展多年，功能非常完善，也形成了相当的市场规模；而其在国内也是愈演愈热，更多企业加入到抢夺“低代码”市场份额的拉锯战中，可以说低代码的“大火”不是凭空出现的，正是市场的选择。所以在笔者看来，大家应该将更多的关注点放在低代码技术本身而并非其概念。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"低代码平台是工具的合集，这些工具可以通过建模和图形界面来进行应用程序的可视化开发。低代码使开发人员可以跳过手工编码，从而大大缩短了应用程序的开发时间。所以对于更多的企业来说，选择低代码无疑是大势所趋，那么在此过程中低代码究竟适用于哪些场景？低代码平台又怎样与公司业务相契合？在搭建过程中到底如何平衡易用性和灵活性这一难题呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"为了给大家详细解读这些问题，我们特别采访了ArchSummit全球架构师峰会的讲师——美团技术专家李勇，他将结合美团低代码的实践WOLF平台跟我们聊聊这些话题，此外他也会在"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/archsummit.infoq.cn\/2021\/shenzhen\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ArchSummit全球架构师峰会"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"中带来主题为《"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/archsummit.infoq.cn\/2021\/shenzhen\/presentation\/3698","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美团低代码方案的探索与实践"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"》的演讲，感兴趣的同学们也可多多关注。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"深入浅出低代码"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：从目前来看，低代码被越来越多的人讨论，请聊聊您是怎么理解低代码的？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"低代码的概念出来已经很久了，但是最近才持续的火热起来，一个很大的原因是国内互联网的火热，包括传统企业的互联网+的转型。而应用主要包括C端活动营销、B端CRM应用、内部各种管理平台、数据分析等，这些应用需求量庞大，从功能上讲类似但又有定制化的需求，用传统方式的开发成本较高且门槛较高，所以催生了各种各样的低代码平台。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"一般低代码平台都有两个作用：一个是提效，提效这个比较好理解，就是利用更少的代码完成相同的功能；而另一个是赋能，能够让其他角色参与到非自己工作属性的工作中，不仅能够减少沟通成本，还能够避免由于某一种角色的缺失或者人员不足导致项目无法展开的问题。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"除低代码外，另外一个概念是无代码，低代码跟无代码往往在一起用来讨论和比较，但是一般没有比较清晰的区分。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"我认为一个比较简单的区分是看用户角色是谁，如果用户角色是具有开发技能的，那毫无疑问是低代码，因为低代码往往需要更强的扩展性和灵活性；而无代码产品的用户角色一般是非开发人员，想要在通用性的前提下做无代码产品是非常困难的，所以现在无代码发展得比较好的是一些细分市场，类似易企秀、婚礼纪等一些比较具有代表性的无代码工具。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：结合美团来说，低代码在哪些场景里适用呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"目前就我了解到的美团内部的低代码场景主要有三个：一是营销活动场景，二是数据分析场景，三是中后台场景。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"这其实与业界使用的三个场景也有一些类似，关于这三个场景为什么更加适合低代码，主要是因为这三个场景较为同质化，另外需求量也很大，所以更加适合。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"拥抱低代码，美团WOLF 平台实践篇"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：如果与公司业务或通用业务模型不够契合，低代码平台就会成为“花架子”。那么，WOLF 平台是如何围绕美团业务进行设计的？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"我的思路是先对单个场景做深，然后再逐步扩大场景，像WOLF平台最开始针对的是我们团队自己的业务，我们团队的业务以CRM为主，所以我们以中后台为出发点，对当前业务进行提炼。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第一步：完成业务场景的组件化提炼。针对各个业务场景完成组件化的提炼，这里的组件并不是纯粹意义的业务组件，而是带有业务属性的通用组件，类似增删改查这种业务组件。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第二步：定义一种DSL，来描述组件之间的关系。将DSL用解释器实现，通过定义通用的组件通信方式、事件机制等等，利用DSL来描述一张页面，减少组件之间粘合的代码。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第三步：由于需要将这些组件和能力开放给其他角色和部门，所以我们开始做包括可视化等低代码开发平台，逐步扩大生态。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"总结一下思路，先针对自己业务封装满足自己业务的东西，然后再逐步扩大影响力，这样能够逐步看到成果，也能够增强团队内部人员的信心。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：WOLF平台是如何与美团其他系统平台联系整合的，能为我们举一个例子说明吗？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"这里有两点："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第一，集团提供的公共能力，类似错误监控、权限系统、用户登录等。这些公共能力是集团所有部门通用的，一方面我们会复用这些能力，另一方面我们需要把这些能力进行整合，因为这些平台是分散的，而我们是提供一个通用的解决方案，所以需要把这些能力进行比较好的整合，比如我们会去跟这些平台聊合作，通过OpenAPI的形式，提供整合能力。这样既减少用户到各个平台去申请各种APP的时间，也能够在一个统一的地方进行管理，减少切换成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第二，与业务系统的整合。比如已经有一个老系统了，如何平滑过渡到新的方案进行开发，我们给出的方案是提供类似自定义模板、自定义域名、微前端、自定义菜单、npm包等多种方式让用户根据自己系统的情况进行选择，跟原有系统进行比较友好的结合。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：纯代码 ProCode 与低代码 Low Code 如何实现互转，是个讨论热度很高的难题。WOLF 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