美国要求台积电、三星等交出机密数据，限时45天，英特尔恐成背后大赢家？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"台积电了可能早就被盯上了。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美国要求芯片大厂交出机密数据"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"据"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.kedglobal.com\/newsView\/ked202109260001","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"韩国经济日报"}]},{"type":"text","text":"报道，美国当地时间9月23日，美国政府再次召开半导体高峰会，希望寻求化解芯片短缺局面的方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此番美国态度很强硬，其以提高芯片“供应链透明度”为由，要求台积电、三星等晶圆代工厂交出被视为商业机密的库存量、订单、销售纪录等数据。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美国商务部长雷蒙多声称，美国需要更多有关芯片供应链的信息，以提高处理危机的透明度，并确定导致短缺的根本原因。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果企业不愿配合美国政府提交交数据，美国政府必定会采取行动。雷蒙多声称，“我们的工具箱有很多方法能让企业交出数据，虽然不希望走到那一步，但如果有必要，我们必定会采取行动。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美国要求相关企业在45天内交出公司相关数据。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于三星、台积电等全球芯片大厂来说，美国政府这一要求无疑将令它们陷入困境，因为关于销售、库存和客户的信息一直被业内视为公司机密。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而且，这将使三星电子和台积电在与美国企业的价格谈判中处于不利地位。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三星电子、台积电等全球代工企业没有公开客户名单。不久前，有外媒报道称，三星正在为特斯拉公司生产芯片，但三星尚未确认这一传闻。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"分析人士认为，苹果和特斯拉等全球客户并不希望公开这些信息，因为这些信息可以用来识别和比较产品的性能水平和市场竞争力。另外，如果公开成品率等生产资料，就会使制造企业处于不利地位。半导体成品率是在制造过程中未被丢弃的晶圆上的晶片的比例。更高的成品率意味着更先进的技术水平和更低的制造成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“披露成品率信息意味着披露一个公司的特定半导体技术水平。代工企业相关人士表示:“这一信息有可能使代工企业在与国际客户进行价格协商时处于不利地位。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其他专家指出，美国政府要求提供的信息也可能影响半导体芯片的整体市场价格。如果发现企业的芯片库存过多，就会通过价格协商降低供货价格。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"无法拒绝的要求"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"韩媒报道，尽管这些芯片大厂不愿提供内部数据，但它们不太可能成功回避这一要求，因为美国政府正在考虑将法律措施作为执法工具。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有消息称，美国政府正在考虑使用《国防生产法》(DPA)来强制执行数据提交。该法案授权美国总统要求企业接受国防所需材料的合同，并对合同进行优先排序。它还允许总统指定禁止囤积或哄骗价格的材料。总统还可以迫使企业扩大基础资源的生产，并将原材料用于国防。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全球半导体业界，特别是美国以外的半导体企业担心，美国的信息要求可能会在很大程度上对美国企业有利。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"韩国一位业内人士表示:“三星和台积电向美国政府提交的信息，有可能泄露给英特尔等美国企业。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最近，英特尔和美国政府明确表示要加强合作。上个月，《华尔街日报》报道称，英特尔CEOPat Gelsinger与拜登政府官员会面，目的是推动英特尔的芯片投资计划。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"芯片行业内部人士指出，英特尔激进的代工投资计划在战略上与美国政府建立更强大全球供应链的倡议是一致的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一位业内官员表示:“英特尔一直主张，美国政府必须通过强调全球芯片短缺对美国经济的影响，以及英特尔在解决这一问题方面可以发挥的作用，向美国企业提供更多的财政支持。”"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"台积电可能早就被盯上了"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"都是芯片短缺惹的祸。这场蔓延全球的芯片荒已经给全球芯片供应链以及众多产业带来了肉眼可见的不利影响。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在芯片严峻短缺的形势下，台积作为全球最大的芯片制造商受到了前所未有的关注。而台积电也是美国政府为提振美国芯片制造业发展而寻求外部支持的主要目标对象。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由于半导体短缺导致美国汽车制造商被迫减产。今年2月拜登表示，他将寻求立法拨款 370 亿美元，以加强美国芯片制造业的发展。近期，美国在争取与台湾主要芯片和科技公司的更多合作和投资，台积电是主要目标对象之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"台湾是全球半导体生产的枢纽，全球芯片短缺迫使政府介入以帮助汽车制造商。据悉，自去年年底以来，台积电已经通过外交渠道收到了来自美国、日本、欧洲等多个国家的要求，希望台积电等台湾芯片企业帮助解决汽车行业缺少芯片的问题。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年11月，台积电宣布将在美国亚利桑那州设立全资子公司，投资金额高达120亿美元，预计 2024 年投产。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但多位业内人士认为，台积电赴美设厂背后有不少蹊跷之处。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中时新闻网报道，台大副校长汤明哲认为台积电赴美设厂背后是阴谋论，他称美国政府给予台积电税收、土地等优惠，但恐怕也会要求台积电将技术转移给美国半导体大厂英特尔。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"汤明哲还曾表示，“因为英特尔输掉了，输掉后开始急了，寻求美政府的帮忙，政府就找台积电来设厂，第一步台积电设厂要多少地、多少钱都没有问题，但第二步美国要拥有自己的IP，就会开始要求台积电技术转移，到时候你能说不吗？”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"汤明哲认为，美国最重要的目标是提升自己的半导体产业实力，所以最后会要求台积电进行技术转移，“台积电很难说不，美国有了生产设备又有技术，就完成半导体自主。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1712109667172476038&wfr=spider&for=pc","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"环球网"}]},{"type":"text","text":"援引岛内外资分析师、柯克兰资本董事长杨应超的分析称，台积电赴美设厂背后目的并不单纯，杨应超表示，“至少从商业科技的角度是不太合理的，可能不是自己想去，有点被美国逼去的感觉，因为是真的不太合理。”杨应超提到，不管是美国总统拜登与英特尔执行长Pat Gelsinger都是为了自己的利益，要把美国半导体产业扩大，第一步先把台积电找去设厂，第二步就是发展自己的晶圆工厂。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"参考链接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.kedglobal.com\/newsView\/ked202109260001","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"https:\/\/www.kedglobal.com\/newsView\/ked202109260001"}],"marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/skrYAWdQUklsx3aIHsof","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/skrYAWdQUklsx3aIHsof"}],"marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1712109667172476038&wfr=spider&for=pc","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1712109667172476038&wfr=spider&for=pc"}],"marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}