或将取代云计算，下一个技术风口来了  

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"最近几年，边缘计算火了，成为新晋的技术风口。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"但你真的了解边缘计算吗？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"边缘计算究竟是什么？哪些应用适合在边缘部署？边缘计算是否将取代云计算？边缘计算的前景如何？近日，全球最大CDN服务商Akamai，亚太区边缘架构师团队负责人李文涛在接受InfoQ等少数媒体采访时，就上述焦点话题做出了深入解读。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为什么需要边缘计算？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"很多厂商都在提边缘计算，但很重要的一个问题是，首先得搞清大家说的边缘在哪里？我们在哪里做边缘计算？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"李文涛表示，Akamai认为，位置决定一切，如果边缘位置不同，那么做边缘计算的内涵和场景往往也很不同。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"从内到外，IT基础设施分为三个层次，最里面是企业数据中心，它往往是一个集中式部署的数据中心，或者是多个数据中心；再往中间一层是云计算平台，现在市场上的云厂商，每家基本上有数十到数百个大型的数据中心组成云平台。它是一个中心化的架构，因为云的含义就是希望通过整合、通过中心化提高效率、降低成本，而且云非常适合计算密集型的负载，大规模的机器学习的建模，大规模的数据处理、存储等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/35\/35235a0dbf69539ce4429eead4efc572.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"最外面一层是边缘，以Akamai的平台为例，Akamai的平台有超过4000个数据中心，遍布互联网的边缘，在离用户非常近的位置，往往离用户本地的运营商和SP只有一个网络条，为用户提供边缘计算能力。它是一种区域中心化的架构，离最终用户的时延往往是在数十个毫秒这样的级别。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在5G时代，5G的特点就是低延迟、高吞吐，结合边缘计算，企业用户能够更好利用5G的能力、在边缘部署应用、在边缘进行计算。同时，利用5G高速边缘管道，把数据应用和数字体验交付到最终用户的手中。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Akamai认为，边缘计算的内涵，应当是真正地在互联网的边界、在距离用户非常低时延的位置进行边缘计算。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"云的数据中心到最后用户的时延往往在百毫秒这样的级别，相比之下，Akamai距离边缘最终用户的时延往往在十到数十毫秒这样的级别。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"IT基础设施部署的三个层次，从中心到边界，从集合式到区域中心化这样的部署层次之间"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"并不是互相替代的，而是相互补充，彼此分工不同，分别适合不同的应用场景。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"根据IDC和Gartner的判断，企业IT的边缘部署正在加速。IDC数据显示，到2023年，超过50%的企业的新增IT基础设施会部署在边缘，到2024年企业边缘的应用数量将会增长800%Gartner进一步提到，到2025年，超过75%的数据生成和数据处理也会在边缘进行。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"李文涛表示，有三个趋势在驱动边缘应用的部署："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"物联网相关的应用越来越多，智能的互联设备要求企业在边缘进行数据处理和服务。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"移动办公、远程办公的流行。在疫情期间，很多时候需要通过互联网边缘进行企业应用的接入和企业IT服务。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"数字平台发展。无论是网站还是应用程序，数字内容越来越丰富、服务越来越个性化，这些数字体验的创新也在推动边缘应用的增长。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"边缘计算与云计算"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在几年前，边缘计算可能没有云计算重要，但是现在情形发生了变化，边缘计算和云计算都变得十分重要，都保持了很高的热度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在这样的时代背景下，我们应该如何看待边缘计算和云计算的关系？有观点认为，边缘计算将取代云计算，那么，边缘计算究竟是云计算的有力补充还是云计算的竞争对手呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"李文涛表示，Akamai从两方面看边缘计算。第一，边缘计算所在的地理位置，第二是边缘计算带来的独特能力和价值。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Akamai的边缘计算是去中心化的分布式计算，分布在全球数千个数据中心，靠近用户的位置进行计算，适合对时延要求非常低的使用场景，如应用内容的个性化、边缘的机器学习推理等对时延要求低的场景。而云的环境主要是做中心化的计算、做计算密集型的负载。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"以机器学习为例，李文涛认为，机器学习并不是一个靠边缘可以百分百解决的问题。机器学习有两部分，第一部分是构建机器学习模型，这个模型的构建需要在云、在超大型的数据中心领域，利用很多GPU辅助运算，它是一个高度的计算密集型的负载。所以，机器学习模型的建模过程是在云端进行的。第二部分是利用机器学习对已经建好的模型进行推理，推理的过程非常适合在边缘，因为对时延的要求很低，用户希望尽快得到推理结果。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"总而言之，机器学习建模是在云端，因为需要中心化、计算密集性的计算；机器学习推理是在边缘，因为需要靠近用户去做服务。因此，李文涛认为，未来边缘和云将是互补的关系，各有分工、各有专长。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"目前，边缘计算主要以无服务器计算的形式提供给企业用户。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"云厂商的计算一般有四类：基于虚拟机的服务、基于容器的服务、提供物理机租用的服务、以及无服务器计算服务。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"德勤曾评价，无服务计算是首席信息官进行IT运营创新的有力工具。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"麦肯锡甚至认为无服务器计算将是下一代的云计算。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"无服务器计算服务有很多优势，能为开发者和应用团队带来很多好处，如它大大提升了开发者的体验，开发者只需要关心自己的代码，不需要担心基础设施的限制、运维方面的限制等。它还可以帮助开发者团队快速开发应用，快速将新的应用、新的功能推向市场，同时可以避免厂商的锁定。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"对IT运维团队而言，使用无服务器计算后不需要担心扩展性和可用性，因为这些能力是由像Akamai这样的无服务器计算厂商和平台提供的。IT运维团队也不用担心使用前和空闲时的运营，这些都无需付费。随着网站流量的波动、业务负载的波动，有时对计算的需求会少一些，有时对计算的需求会高一些，这时企业无须事先支付这些费用，完全按需使用和付费。另一方面，"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"无服务器计算满足了现在运维团队提到的“低运维”、甚至“无运维”的趋势，大大降低了IT运维团队的压力和负担。这些是无服务器计算变得愈发重要的主要原因。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"李文涛介绍，Akamai提供的边缘计算其实就是边缘的无服务器计算，Akamai把边缘和无服务器计算融合在一起。Akamai在以上价值的基础上，又提供了四个价值：一，因为是在互联网的边缘进行，所以Akamai提供了超低延时的到最终用户的应用交付；二，即刻的全球部署。用户可以在分钟级别内将其业务逻辑部署到Akamai的全球边缘无服务器计算平台上；三，Akamai是一家云安全厂商，所以云安全能力集成在了边缘无服务器计算平台中。用户不用担心DDoS攻击、应用层攻击等复杂的攻击防护问题；第四，现在很多企业都在用混合云或多云，边缘计算和多云的兼容性也非常重要。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Akamai提出了“云中立”的概念，无论客户与哪种云厂商合作，还是自有的IDC机房，Akamai可以充分兼容，且都可以提供统一的集成服务，并帮助这些企业为其最终用户提供统一的安全的性能以及计算方面的服务和体验。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"如何更好地将边缘和云计算进行融合？李文涛"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"觉得核心点是在于构建边缘原生应用时，需要考虑哪些应用适合构建在边缘、哪些应用适合部署在云端。或者说，一个应用逻辑的内部可能有多个微服务，哪些微服务适合部署在边缘等问题。这样，企业就可以充分利用边缘和云的不同特点和优势。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"一个值得注意的问题是，尽管热度起来了，但目前，相对于云计算，边缘计算的开发者并不多。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"李文涛认为，出现这一现象的原因主要是，从行业整体看，在本世纪初，边缘的概念还没有出现，像无服务计算或边缘无服务器计算被更多采用主要是在近两年。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Akamai注意到，越来越多的开发者进行边缘原生应用的开发，他们也正在主动学习这方面的技术。Akamai提供的边缘无服务器计算是通用的JavaScript语言，学习成本低，方便开发者上手，这也促进了用户采纳度在近两年的迅速提高。这也是为什么这两年我们发现用户采纳度迅速提高的一个主要原因。边缘计算技术正在经历逐步普及的过程。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Akamai边缘计算平台与相关产品"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"目前，Akamai拥有全球最大的边缘网络。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在过去的20年里，Akamai推出了很多边缘计算的技术创新与产品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"1998年，Akamai推出了第一款边缘计算产品，该产品通过XML语言编写定制化的CND边缘逻辑，部署在Akamai的平台上；2001年，Akamai推出了自服务式的边缘动态内容组装，将网站的个性化内容和静态内容在边缘进行组装处理；2002年，Akamai推出了Edge Java平台，这是一个自服务式的无服务器计算平台，其特点是，Akamai用户可通过Java语言构建边缘的原生应用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"李文涛称，相比很多云计算厂商，Akamai在边缘计算上的创新探索较早，在上世纪末、本世纪初就开始探索边缘计算的相关技术，且推出了商用服务。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2014年，Akamai推出了第一款预封装的边缘应用；2014年推出了Cloudlet Applications，这是一款能在边缘处理多种业务逻辑的预编写的应用；2016年，Akamai推出了Image & Video Manager，可在互联网边缘优化图片和视频；2017年，Akamai推出了API Gateway产品，提供高可靠边缘API的认证、访问和流量管理等服务；2020年，Akamai推出了EdgeWorkers，次年推出了“EdgeKV”，这两个产品属于用户DIY边缘应用的领域。EdgeWorkers通过JavaScript构建边缘的原生应用，允许用户把自己的JavaScript代码运行在Akamai在全球的几千个边缘数据中心内，就近为用户提供计算和应用的服务。EdgeKV是在边缘构建的全球分布式键值存储的数据库，这样客户在边缘既可以进行计算，也可以存储、处理相关数据。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"据介绍，Akamai配合边缘计算的平台和产品，提供了丰富的开发者资源。Akamai边缘计算产品面向开发者和DevOps团队，提供了很多技术文档、参考架构，GitHub的代码案例库等，此外还为用户提供免费使用和测试额度，帮助开发者或运维团队快速上手Akamai边缘计算平台。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"哪些企业应用适合在边缘部署？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"哪些企业应用，或企业应用的哪些部分适合在边缘部署？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"这就要提到微服务架构。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在过去几年中，企业应用正在从单体式架构向微服务架构转型。到今年，微服务架构已变成一个企业应用非常普遍、通用的架构。微服务架构指的是把一个业务逻辑分割成多个微服务的数据，这样便于应用，提供更高的扩展性、灵活性和可管理性。通过把业务逻辑分割成多个微服务，IT可以更好满足相关服务、计算需求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在这个大背景下，哪些微服务适合部署在互联网边缘上，适合使用边缘计算？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Akamai提出了4个判断条件："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第一，某一个微服务是不是对时延非常敏感？因为，边缘计算最大的好处就是可以为用户提供十到数十毫秒的低时延。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第二，某一个微服务对扩展性要求是不是很高？因为边缘无服务器计算提供了高度的、自动化的全球性扩展能力。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第三，某一个微服务是否可以横向扩展，是不是无状态的服务？这样，它们就非常适合在边缘、以分布式的方式进行处理和计算。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第四，某一个微服务是否可以使用JavaScrip进行编写？因为目前Akamai的平台支持Java Scrip语言。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"如果企业的微服务满足上述四个条件，那它就非常适合部署在边缘上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"边缘计算的“钱”景与未来"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"边缘计算的商用化部署一直是业内关注的焦点。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"边缘计算的适用面广泛，包括基础设施相关服务、视频相关服务、网站移动应用内容的处理和服务等。这些服务都有统一的特点：需要很低的时延；需要高度的扩展性；相比于传统IT解决方案，现在企业的开发者、DevOps团队希望用代码进行更多更自动化的运维。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在这样的背景下，所以在这三大背景下，Akamai看到，边缘计算正在企业IT应用的各方面渗透，都在部署新的场景。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在万物互联的时代，边缘计算可以提升物联网的智能化。边缘平台是物联网的重要的载体，因为在物联网领域，无论智能驾驶，还是家庭的智能物联设备，还是游戏相关的物联网服务，都需要非常低的时延和距离用户非常近的地理位置。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"针对物联网领域，Akamai大约从10年前就开始了布局。Akamai推出的Edge Connect，可以帮助物联网服务商提供高速、低时延的物联网信令的交互。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"谈到未来边缘计算领域的技术突破，李文涛表示，在功能更新方面，物联网的能力还会不断增强，行业会逐渐触及物联网安全领域，以提升物联网的安全性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在地理位置方面，边缘计算的节点会不断下沉。Akamai目前正在探索节点的更多可能性，如把节点部署在无线网关、靠近5G基站的地方，甚至把节点能力预置在家中的智能设备、机顶盒中，真正做到无线的节点下沉、泛在式的边缘计算节点能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"此外，在通用性的边缘计算平台方面，边缘计算能力、存储能力会进一步提升，为用户提供更多更复杂的应用承载能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"边缘计算正在快速发展，越来越多的企业加入到边缘计算的应用行列。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"未来，边缘计算领域会出现很多子市场：有些公司会提供垂直领域的软件解决方案，如在工控领域，工控软件的提供商会提供智能工厂、智能运维等软件方案；像Akamai这样的厂商更多是一个平台提供商，为企业提供全球化的边缘计算平台；第三个细分角色是安全提供商。因为边缘计算承载的位置已远远超过了云、超过了企业的数据中心，保障安全和合规是未来越来越重要的领域。第四个角色是纯粹的基础设施、硬件供应商、5G提供商、运营商。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"“边缘计算是一个非常大的市场，厂商一定要讲清楚自己是做什么样的边缘计算、在哪里做边缘计算。避免泛泛地谈边缘计算，一定要提在边缘的哪里进行了什么样的计算，到底是哪一个子领域，是软件领域、平台领域、安全领域还是基础设施和5G领域.... 过去几年，行业对边缘计算的炒作太多，落地非常少，这是我们看到的一个问题”，对于当下边缘计算市场的火热，李文涛认为应该冷静、客观地看待。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"采访嘉宾介绍："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"李文涛，Akamai亚太区边缘架构师团队负责人。在Akamai任职已近10年时间。带领团队主要为亚太区的战略性客户提供深度的技术咨询，帮助客户在边缘上不断进行创新。"}]}]}