Within-subjects Design: A research design that uses each participant as his or her own control; for example, the behavior of an experimental participant before receiving treatment might be compared to his or her behavior after receiving treatment.
受試者內部設計：使每個參與者作爲他或她自己的控制的研究設計；例如，實驗參與者在接受治療前的行爲可能與他或她接受治療後的行爲相比較。
Working Memory: A memory resource that is used to accomplish tasks such as reasoning and language comprehension; consists of the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive.
工作記憶：用於完成推理和語言理解等任務的記憶資源；由語音迴路、視覺空間畫板和中央執行系統組成。
Zygote: The single cell that results when a sperm fertilizes an egg.
受精卵：精子與卵子受精後形成的單細胞。