苹果宣布自助维修计划，消费者可以买原装工具修iPhone

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"苹果公司"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.apple.com.cn\/newsroom\/2021\/11\/apple-announces-self-service-repair\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"宣布"}]},{"type":"text","text":"即将推出自助维修计划，该计划将允许消费者获取苹果的原装零件与工具，自行维修设备。苹果首席运营官 Jeff Williams 表示，在过去三年里，可获取苹果原装零件、工具与培训的服务网点数目翻了近一番，现在苹果将为那些希望自行完成维修的用户提供新的选项。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这其实是一个具有里程碑意义的决定：它将扭转苹果公司长期以来对自助维修的反对局面，扩大消费者的选择，减少有害排放，并可能为维修友好型产品设计的革命奠定基础。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这其实是一个具有里程碑意义的决定：它将扭转苹果公司长期以来对自助维修的反对局面，扩大消费者的选择，减少有害排放，并可能为维修友好型产品设计的革命奠定基础。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自助维修计划将从2022年年初启动，先从美国开始，至于其他国家\/地区的落地时间，则是“2022年或更晚”。首批适用产品是iPhone 12和iPhone 13系列，同时苹果也预告搭载 M1 芯片的 Mac 电脑会紧随加入。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"预计新的自助维修在线商店将提供超过 200 款独立零件与工具。计划初始阶段将集中于最常需要维修服务的部件，比如 iPhone 显示屏、电池和摄像头。其他部件的自助维修将在明年稍后推出。目前苹果还未透露这些工具和零件的价格。但一直以来，苹果的原装零件很难获得，维修费用高昂是不争的事实。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"苹果表示，维修完成后，顾客如果选择将替换下来的零件交还苹果回收，那么未来购买苹果产品的时候可以享受优惠。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不过，苹果还提醒道，自助维修计划适用于"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"具备电子设备维修知识和经验的技术人员"},{"type":"text","text":"。对于绝大多数顾客来说，最安全可靠的方式还是去专业维修服务提供商，把设备交给使用苹果原装零件的认证技术人员来修理。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有评论称此是“维修权”（Right to Repair）运动的重大胜利，该运动要求科技制造商提供必要的组件和手册，供客户修理自己的智能手机、平板电脑和电脑。但苹果、微软、谷歌、亚马逊和其他公司长期以来一直在反对公开提供此类维修资源的立法提案。苹果认为这存在安全风险，客户的数据在未经授权的维修过程中有可能被劫持。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不过，但今年7月，拜登政府发布了一项行政命令，指示联邦贸易委员会解决“对第三方维修或产品自我维修的不公平反竞争限制”。当联邦贸易委员会宣布将加强对科技公司的执法力度时，“维修权”运动就有了新的推动力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"彭博社分析称苹果的转变也与供应链和制造业全球化有关，消费电子产品的实际成本一直在下降。对于许多消费者来说，扔掉 200 美元的平板显示器买新的还比尝试维修来得更容易、更便宜。因此，制造商几乎没有理由建立昂贵的配件供应链。但苹果限制了只有授权维修店才能获得零件、手册和专用工具。这推高了维修成本，并促使消费者购买新东西而不是维修他们现有的东西。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在新兴市场，由于缺乏授权维修中心，维护设备往往不容易。这样一来，苹果对自行维修的“偏见”也就破坏了其对可持续发展的承诺：正如苹果所"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/environment\/pdf\/products\/iphone\/iPhone_13_PER_Sept2021.pdf","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"指出"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，80% 以上的与 iPhone 相关的碳排放是在制造阶段释放的（实际使用手机占 16%）。而维修，才意味着更少的排放。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最后，受益的或不仅是 iPhone 用户。苹果对消费者产品技术的影响广泛，以至于它的决定很可能会被其他企业效仿。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"延展阅读："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/11\/17\/technology\/personaltech\/apple-iphone-self-repair.html","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/11\/17\/technology\/personaltech\/apple-iphone-self-repair.html"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/opinion\/articles\/2021-11-18\/apple-s-repair-reversal-is-a-win-for-everyone","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/opinion\/articles\/2021-11-18\/apple-s-repair-reversal-is-a-win-for-everyone"}]}]}]}