2021 專業人士 Linux 系統 TOP 5

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"近日，外媒 ZDNet 評選了適合專業人士使用的 Linux 桌面版操作系統，並排出了前五名。這裏的專業人士主要指從事開發、運維、網絡安全等行業的人員。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開發者首選：Fedora"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"來自 Red Hat 的 社區 Linux 發行版 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/getfedora.org\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fedora"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 應是程序員的首選 Linux。一方面 Fedora 很容易安裝和設置，對於程序員來說，Fedora 還擁有一個優秀的開發者門戶網站，裏面有關於開發命令行、桌面、移動和網絡應用的專門指南。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Fedora 開發者門戶網站提供了開發硬件設備（如 Arduino 和 Raspberry Pi）的優秀指南。此外，還配備了諸如一流的集成開發環境 Eclipse（適用於 Java、C\/C++、PHP）和 Vagrant（一種用於創建可複製、可移植的容器或基於虛擬機如 VM 的開發環境工具）等開發工具。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"絕對控制權：Arch Linux"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/archlinux.org\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Arch"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 的口號是“Keep it simple”保持簡單，Arch 只提供了一個命令外殼，對於用戶來說，你是用哪種桌面環境，如何定製完全取決於你個人。因爲 Arch 只有命令行，對於習慣圖形化界面的用戶可能第一時間不容易適應，雖然有出色的 ArchWiki 文檔的幫助，但你依然要做許多調試與配置工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"不過你也可以嘗試 Manjaro Linux，這個發行版把安裝和運行 Arch 的大部分工作都完成了。它提供了三個桌面版本 GNOME、KDE Plasma 和 XFCE。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"同時，如果你想切換 Linux 內核，Manjaro 也是少數幾個能讓你輕鬆切換操作系統的發行版之一。你只需要重新啓動你的系統，在啓動菜單中進行選擇，然後就可以回到桌面在下面運行一個新的內核。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基於源代碼：Gentoo"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"如果你想深入瞭解 Linux，那麼基於源代碼的發行版 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.gentoo.org\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gentoo"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 很合適。對於初學者來說，Gentoo 沒有安裝程序，正如其開發者所說：“你就是安裝者”，“一旦你吸收了 Gentoo 手冊，你可以應用所有你想要的自定義功能。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"此外，你還需要學習 Portage，幾乎所有其他的 Linux 發行版都使用二進制軟件打包系統，比如 Red Hat 的 RPM 和 Debian 的 APT，而 Portage 是基於源代碼的。如果你想在 Portage 中安裝一個程序，實際上你是在機器上編譯該應用程序的源代碼。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Gentoo 給了用戶很大的權限，同時提供了 Sabayon Linux，基本上 Sabayon 爲你做了大部分 Gentoo 的設置決定，你依然有很大的控制權，只是不需要再爲每一個設置按鈕和開關去操心。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"未來 Sabayon 會改名爲 MocaccinoOS，與 Gentoo 的主要區別在於它使用了新的基於容器的打包系統 Luet，目前仍處於測試階段，只推薦有經驗的用戶和開發者使用這個版本。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"安全專家與黑客專屬：Kali Linux"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.kali.org\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kali"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" Linux 是一個爲滲透測試或黑客行爲而設計的 Linux 發行版，由於《黑客軍團》的緣故，Kali Linux 知名度暴漲。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Kali Linux 是安全公司 Offensive Security 的開發人員的作品，建立在 Debian 上，歷史可以追溯到基於 Knoppix 的數字取證和滲透測試發行版 BackTrack。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"雖然安裝設置 Kali 和設置任何其他 Debian 發行版一樣簡單，但它的默認軟件包是有所不同。它的默認辦公套件 LibreOffie 和默認電子郵件客戶端 Thunderbird 都沒有提供。相反，它配備了 OWASP ZAP 等安全程序，用於檢測網站的安全問題；配備了 SQLWAP，可以自動檢測和利用 SQL 注入漏洞；以及 THC Hydra，一個流行的密碼破解器。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Kali Linux 不能把你變成一個黑客或安全專家，要做到這一點，你必須知道什麼是計算機、編碼和安全，它只是爲你提供了入門的工具和通往專家道路上的需求。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“起死回生”型：SystemRescue"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.system-rescue.org\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"SystemRescue"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 也被稱爲 SystemRescueCD，由此可見它是爲修復損壞的電腦而設計的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"SystemRescue 並不是一個永久性的操作系統，相反，你可以從 USB 驅動器、DVD 驅動器甚至 CD 驅動器啓動它，一旦啓動，就可以用它來拯救一臺出現問題的機器，並嘗試讓它“起死回生”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"SystemRescue 的使用並不簡單。像 Kali 一樣，它爲你提供了完成工作所需的工具。它配備了 GNU Parted 等程序，用於操作磁盤分區和文件系統；還有 ddrescue 一個數據恢復工具，通過從損壞的存儲設備中複製塊級的數據來工作；rsync 一個用於在本地網絡上將故障驅動器的數據克隆到另一臺穩定計算機的程序。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"這些工具用起來都不容易，在嘗試使用 SystemRescue 拯救一個機器的系統之前，建議先閱讀 SystemRescue 手冊。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"這五款爲專業人士準備的 Linux 版本，你用過哪一款，無論如何，實際操作之前一定要查閱官方文檔，瞭解操作與風險後再投入使用。"}]}]}