Nacos 本地单机版部署步骤和使用 – Spring Cloud 系列教程

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本系列是 Spring Cloud 微服务实战系列教程。之前在 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.bysocket.com/2017-06-30/spring-cloud-eureka.html","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《Spring Cloud Eureka 入门 (一)服务注册中心详解》","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":" 聊过 Spring Cloud Eureka。那今天聊聊阿里开源的 Nacos ~","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一、Nacos 是什么?","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"先了解下 Spring Cloud Eureka 是基于 Netflix Eureka (Netflix 是 Java 实现的开源软件)。服务治理(Eureka)包括服务注册、服务发现和服务检测监控等。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那 Nacos 致力于发现、配置和管理微服务。Nacos 提供了一组简单易用的特性集,帮助您快速实现动态服务发现、服务配置、服务元数据及流量管理。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"简而言之,Nacos 包含了微服务的配置管理 + 服务的注册、发现等监控。微服务也包括了 Spring Cloud 的微服务实现。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Nacos 其特性重点包含了以下:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"服务发现和服务健康监测","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"动态配置服务","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"动态 DNS 服务","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"服务及其元数据管理","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"等等","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"官方图如下:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/79/79d79ddfb368687eaf90b2b1ae65a2da.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二、如何本地部署和使用 Nacos","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可以在 github 上 Nacos Release 版本列表中下载最新的稳定版本。地址:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"java"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当前稳定版本:2.0.3","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.1 环境准备","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Nacos 依赖 Java 环境,所以如果从源码构建并运行 Nacos 需要配置如下:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"JDK 1.8+","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Maven 3.2+","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"64 bit OS 支持 Linux/Unix/Mac/Windows,推荐选用 Linux/Unix/Mac","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果本机部署的话,不需要从源码构建,则只需要下载编译后的压缩包和 JDK 1.8+ 环境即可","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.2 下载编译后的压缩包","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases 地址中,下载 nacos-server-2.0.3.zip 压缩包。然后执行一下解压命令:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"java"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"unzip nacos-server-2.0.3.zip\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这样目录中会出现 Nacos 的项目目录","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.3 启动前配置","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目录结构如下:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"java"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"nacos % ls -l\ntotal 48\n-rw-r--r--@ 1 qq staff 16583 3 18 2021 LICENSE\n-rw-r--r--@ 1 qq staff 1305 5 14 2020 NOTICE\ndrwxr-xr-x@ 8 qq staff 256 12 3 14:25 bin\ndrwxr-xr-x@ 9 qq staff 288 7 27 14:18 conf\ndrwxr-xr-x 6 qq staff 192 12 3 14:43 data\ndrwxr-xr-x 35 qq staff 1120 12 3 14:25 logs\ndrwxr-xr-x@ 3 qq staff 96 7 28 19:28 target\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"进入 conf 目录,目录结构如下:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"java"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"conf % ls -l\ntotal 176\n-rw-r--r--@ 1 qq staff 1224 6 18 10:39 1.4.0-ipv6_support-update.sql\n-rw-r--r--@ 1 qq staff 9752 12 3 14:41 application.properties\n-rw-r--r--@ 1 qq staff 9506 7 27 14:18 application.properties.example\n-rw-r--r--@ 1 qq staff 670 3 18 2021 cluster.conf.example\n-rw-r--r--@ 1 qq staff 31156 7 15 19:19 nacos-logback.xml\n-rw-r--r--@ 1 qq staff 10660 6 18 10:39 nacos-mysql.sql\n-rw-r--r--@ 1 qq staff 8795 6 18 10:39 schema.sql\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这次部署,目录中其中两个文件需要知晓:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"application.properties 配置文件","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"nacos-mysql.sql 数据库 MySQL 库表信息文件","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1/ 创建数据库 nacos 并执行 nacos-mysql.sql","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本次测试用 MySQL 作为数据存储,则需要在 MySQL 中新建数据库 nacos,命令如下:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"java"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"CREATE DATABASE nacos\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"然后再数据库中执行建表和插入默认数据操作,具体看 nacos-mysql.sql 文件。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2/ 修改 application.properties 配置文件","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"然后打开 application.properties 配置文件,对应的地方改成如下:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"java"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"#*************** Config Module Related Configurations ***************#\n### If use MySQL as datasource:\nspring.datasource.platform=mysql\n\n### Count of DB:\ndb.num=1\n\n### Connect URL of DB:\ndb.url.0=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/nacos?characterEncoding=utf8&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=3000&autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC\ndb.user.0=admin\ndb.password.0=123456\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.4 运行并使用 Nacos","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以 Mac 本机为例,启动下面命令:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"java"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"cd nacos/bin\n\nsh startup.sh -m standalone\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"standalone 代表着单机模式运行,非集群模式","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"控制台可以看到以下信息:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"java"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"nacos is starting with standalone\nnacos is starting,you can check the /Users/qq/project/nacos/logs/start.out\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那如何看 Nacos 日志,从上面可见日志输出在 nacos/logs 目录,查看 start.out 日志文件执行如下命令:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"java"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"tail -200f /Users/qq/project/nacos/logs/start.out\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"控制台可以看到以下信息:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"java"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\n\n\n ,--.\n ,--.'|\n ,--,: : | Nacos 2.0.3\n,`--.'`| ' : ,---. Running in stand alone mode, All function modules\n| : : | | ' ,'\\ .--.--. Port: 8848\n: | \\ | : ,--.--. ,---. / / | / / ' Pid: 2452\n| : ' '; | / \\ / \\. ; ,. :| : /`./ Console: http://xxxx:8848/nacos/index.html\n' ' ;. ;.--. .-. | / / '' | |: :| : ;_\n| | | \\ | \\__\\/: . .. ' / ' | .; : \\ \\ `. https://nacos.io\n' : | ; .' ,\" .--.; |' ; :__| : | `----. \\\n| | '`--' / / ,. |' | '.'|\\ \\ / / /`--' /\n' : | ; : .' \\ : : `----' '--'. /\n; |.' | , .-./\\ \\ / `--'---'\n'---' `--`---' `----'\n\n...\n\n2021-12-04 15:25:18,201 INFO Tomcat started on port(s): 8848 (http) with context path '/nacos'\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这说明部署成功,电脑运行 Nacos 很简单,直接打开浏览器,输入地址:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"java"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"http://localhost:8848/nacos/index.html\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"账号密码默认都为 nacos,如图","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/fc/fca220efa2927f10dc748f42751e7ae7.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/7e/7e65b7cf71debf31024dc50490a36c7e.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如何关闭呢?","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"关闭命令:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"java"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"sh shutdown.sh\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"控制台会响应:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"java"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The nacosServer(4317) is running...\nSend shutdown request to nacosServer(4317) OK\n","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三、Nacos 小结","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文主要描述 Nacos 和 Nacos 的使用场景,然后本地部署 Nacos,达到可用状态。如果需要服务器部署,切记不能单机模式。Nacos 主要是微服务的配置中心和服务注册中心。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"后续系列文章,会结合 Spring Cloud 微服务实践 Nacos 细节。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作者:泥瓦匠 出处:","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.bysocket.com/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bysocket.com/","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":" 欢迎转载,也请保留这段声明。谢谢!","attrs":{}}]}]}
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