Region
Region is a separate geographic area.
There is a charge for data transfer between Regions.
When you work with ACL or API actions, you must specify its Regional endpoint.
Availability Zone
Availability Zones are isolated locations within each Region.
Availability Zones are independently mapped to names for each AWS account. For example, the Availability Zone us-east-1a for your AWS account might not be the same location as us-east-1a for another AWS account. To coordinate Availability Zones across accounts, you must use the AZ ID, which is a unique and consistent identifier for an Availability Zone.
Local Zone
Local Zones provide local users low-latency communications, as they have their own connections to the internet and support AWS Direct Connect,.
Wavelength Zone
A Wavelength Zone is an isolated zone in the carrier location where the Wavelength infrastructure is deployed.
Wavelength Zones allow developers to build applications that deliver ultra-low latencies to 5G devices and end users. It is is a logical extension of a Region.
Developers can extend a virtual private cloud (VPC) to one or more Wavelength Zones
AWS Outpost
AWS Outposts is a fully managed service that AWS Outposts brings native AWS services, infrastructure, and operating models to virtually any data center, co-location space, or on-premises facility.
An Outpost is a pool of AWS compute and storage capacity deployed at a customer site.
You can create subnets on your Outpost and specify them when you create AWS resources such as EC2 instances.Instances in Outpost subnets communicate with other instances in the AWS Region using private IP addresses, all within the same VPC.
Network border group
A network border group is a unique set of Availability Zones, Local Zones, or Wavelength Zones from where AWS advertises public IP addresses. If you allocate a network border group to the zone, you will not be provided IP addresses in other geographical regions.