9000 多年来，人类一直将猫带入家中，而我们饲养猫科动物的时间也可能同样长。但是，虽然育种者早就知道如何将动物配对以获得所需的皮毛图案，例如虎斑条纹，但从生物学的角度来看，这些图案如何出现的答案长期以来一直躲避科学家。
遗传学家在驯养的猫身上发现了一个基因，该基因会触发胎儿猫发育的变化，从而产生那些标志性的猫斑纹。 Dkk4基因在发育中的猫胚胎上产生了厚薄皮肤的“预图案”，最终绘制出猫毛上的条纹图案。较厚的斑块具有较多的 Dkk4 表达，随后会被较深的毛皮覆盖，而较薄的斑块具有较少的 Dkk4 表达，随后会被较浅的皮毛覆盖。研究小组还在胚胎甚至还没有发育出毛囊之前就检测到了皮肤的厚薄变化。他们的研究结果发表在 2021 年的《自然通讯》上。
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新研究的资深作者、遗传学家 Gregory S. Barsh 告诉《纽约时报》，猫毛的发育“确实是一个未解之谜”。 “我们认为这真的是第一次看到分子可能是什么”，这些分子可以引导图案化过程。
研究小组发现，Dkk4 变异会导致不同的毛皮图案。该基因的突变发生在阿比西尼亚猫身上，产生了它们特有的更短、更细的颜色笔触，毛皮图案被称为“蜱虫”。