logback 配置

logback依據以下初始化步驟來配置自己：

1，logback試圖在classpath中找到一個名爲logback.groovy的文件。

2，如果沒有找到這樣的文件，logback試圖在classpath中找到一個名爲的logback-的test.xml的文件。

3，如果沒有找到這樣的文件，它會檢查在classpath中的logback.xml文件..

4，如果沒有這樣的文件被發現，且執行的JVM具有的ServiceLoader（JDK 6以上），ServiceLoader將用於解決對com.qos.logback.classic.spi.Configurator的實現。找到的第一個實現將被使用。有關詳細信息，請參閱 ServiceLoader documentation for more details。

5，如果上面的沒有成功，logback會自動使用BasicConfigurator來配置自己，這將導致日誌定向輸出到控制檯。

自動配置

假設logback的配置文件logback-test.xml或logback.xml不存在，logback將默認調用BasicConfigurator，設置最精簡配置。這個最小的配置包括一個ConsoleAppender設置在root logger下。使用PatternLayoutEncoder進行輸出格式化，格式爲 %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n。此外，在默認情況下根記錄器被指定爲debug級別。

package manual.configuration;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class MyApp1 {
  final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyApp1.class);

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    logger.info("Entering application.");

    Foo foo = new Foo();
    foo.doIt();
    logger.info("Exiting application.");
  }
}

package chapters.configuration;
  
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
   
public class Foo {
  static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Foo.class);
  
  public void doIt() {
    logger.debug("Did it again!");
  }
}

輸出：
16:06:09.031 [main] INFO chapters.configuration.MyApp1 - Entering application.
16:06:09.046 [main] DEBUG chapters.configuration.Foo - Did it again!
16:06:09.046 [main] INFO chapters.configuration.MyApp1 - Exiting application.

使用logback-test.xml 或 logback.xml配置

<configuration>

  <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
    <!-- encoders are assigned the type
         ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder by default -->
    <encoder>
      <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <root level="debug">
    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
  </root>
</configuration>

這種配置的效果等同於前面提到的自動配置

<configuration debug="true"> 

  <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"> 
    <!-- encoders are  by default assigned the type
         ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder -->
    <encoder>
      <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <root level="debug">
    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
  </root>
</configuration>

在<configuration>中設置調試屬性元素，將輸出status信息

<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="30 seconds" > 
  ...
</configuration>

logback配置文件更改時，可以自動掃描發現，並自動重新配置。（默認爲間隔60秒掃描）

logback將其內部狀態數據收集在一個StatusManager對象中，可經由LoggerContext訪問。

在WEB-INF/web.xml文件增加以下內容，從而添加相關servlet到web application中，可通過http://host/yourWebapp/lbClassicStatus訪問。

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>ViewStatusMessages</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>ch.qos.logback.classic.ViewStatusMessagesServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ViewStatusMessages</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/lbClassicStatus</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

配置語法

例子程序

package chapters.configuration;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.JoranConfigurator;
import ch.qos.logback.core.joran.spi.JoranException;
import ch.qos.logback.core.util.StatusPrinter;

public class MyApp3 {
  final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyApp3.class);

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // assume SLF4J is bound to logback in the current environment
    LoggerContext context = (LoggerContext) LoggerFactory.getILoggerFactory();
    
    try {
      JoranConfigurator configurator = new JoranConfigurator();
      configurator.setContext(context);
      // Call context.reset() to clear any previous configuration, e.g. default 
      // configuration. For multi-step configuration, omit calling context.reset().
      context.reset(); 
      configurator.doConfigure(args[0]);
    } catch (JoranException je) {
      // StatusPrinter will handle this
    }
    StatusPrinter.printInCaseOfErrorsOrWarnings(context);

    logger.info("Entering application.");

    Foo foo = new Foo();
    foo.doIt();
    logger.info("Exiting application.");
  }
}

package chapters.configuration;
  
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
   
public class Foo {
  static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Foo.class);
  
  public void doIt() {
    logger.debug("Did it again!");
  }
}

對於一個給定的標籤名，如果不能確定，遵守按照駝峯約定幾乎總是正確的習慣。

Logger配置

<configuration>

  <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
    <!-- encoders are assigned the type
         ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder by default -->
    <encoder>
      <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <logger name="chapters.configuration" level="INFO"/>

  <!-- Strictly speaking, the level attribute is not necessary since -->
  <!-- the level of the root level is set to DEBUG by default.       -->
  <root level="DEBUG">          
    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
  </root>  
  
</configuration>

進行如上配置，輸出：
17:34:07.578 [main] INFO chapters.configuration.MyApp3 - Entering application.
17:34:07.578 [main] INFO chapters.configuration.MyApp3 - Exiting application.

<configuration>

  <appender name="STDOUT"
    class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
    <encoder>
      <pattern>
        %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n
     </pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <logger name="chapters.configuration" level="INFO" />
  <logger name="chapters.configuration.Foo" level="DEBUG" />

  <root level="DEBUG">
    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
  </root>

</configuration>

輸出

17:39:27.593 [main] INFO chapters.configuration.MyApp3 - Entering application.
17:39:27.593 [main] DEBUG chapters.configuration.Foo - Did it again!
17:39:27.593 [main] INFO chapters.configuration.MyApp3 - Exiting application.

此時logger的級別情況：

Logger name	Assigned Level	Effective Level
root	`DEBUG`	`DEBUG`
chapters.configuration	`INFO`	`INFO`
chapters.configuration.MyApp3	`null`	`INFO`
chapters.configuration.Foo	`DEBUG`	`DEBUG`

<configuration>

  <appender name="STDOUT"
   class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
   <encoder>
     <pattern>
        %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n
      </pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <logger name="chapters.configuration" level="INFO" />

  <!-- turn OFF all logging (children can override) -->
  <root level="OFF">
    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
  </root>

</configuration>

此時logger的級別情況：

Logger name	Assigned Level	Effective Level
root	`OFF`	`OFF`
chapters.configuration	`INFO`	`INFO`
chapters.configuration.MyApp3	`null`	`INFO`
chapters.configuration.Foo	`null`	`INFO`

輸出

17:52:23.609 [main] INFO chapters.configuration.MyApp3 - Entering application.
17:52:23.609 [main] INFO chapters.configuration.MyApp3 - Exiting application.

Appender配置

<configuration>

  <appender name="FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
    <file>myApp.log</file>

    <encoder>
      <pattern>%date %level [%thread] %logger{10} [%file:%line] %msg%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
    <encoder>
      <pattern>%msg%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <root level="debug">
    <appender-ref ref="FILE" />
    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
  </root>
</configuration>

<configuration>

  <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
    <encoder>
      <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <logger name="chapters.configuration">
    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
  </logger>

  <root level="debug">
    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
  </root>
</configuration>

默認下，appender是繼承並累積的。

輸出

14:25:36.343 [main] INFO chapters.configuration.MyApp3 - Entering application.
14:25:36.343 [main] INFO chapters.configuration.MyApp3 - Entering application.
14:25:36.359 [main] DEBUG chapters.configuration.Foo - Did it again!
14:25:36.359 [main] DEBUG chapters.configuration.Foo - Did it again!
14:25:36.359 [main] INFO chapters.configuration.MyApp3 - Exiting application.
14:25:36.359 [main] INFO chapters.configuration.MyApp3 - Exiting application.

<configuration>

  <appender name="FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
    <file>myApp.log</file>
    <encoder>
      <pattern>%date %level [%thread] %logger{10} [%file:%line] %msg%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
    <encoder>
      <pattern>%msg%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <logger name="chapters.configuration">
    <appender-ref ref="FILE" />
  </logger>

  <root level="debug">
    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
  </root>
</configuration>

<configuration>

  <appender name="FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
    <file>foo.log</file>
    <encoder>
      <pattern>%date %level [%thread] %logger{10} [%file : %line] %msg%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
    <encoder>
      <pattern>%msg%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <logger name="chapters.configuration.Foo" additivity="false">
    <appender-ref ref="FILE" />
  </logger>

  <root level="debug">
    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
  </root>
</configuration>

本例中，logger chapters.configuration.Foo將其相加標誌設置爲false，將不會繼承父類的appenders。

設置loggercontext名字

<configuration>
  <contextName>myAppName</contextName>
  <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
    <encoder>
      <pattern>%d %contextName [%t] %level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <root level="debug">
    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
  </root>
</configuration>

變量替換

<configuration>

  <property name="USER_HOME" value="/home/sebastien" />

  <appender name="FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
    <file>${USER_HOME}/myApp.log</file>
    <encoder>
      <pattern>%msg%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <root level="debug">
    <appender-ref ref="FILE" />
  </root>
</configuration>

<configuration>

  <property file="src/main/java/chapters/configuration/variables1.properties" />

  <appender name="FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
     <file>${USER_HOME}/myApp.log</file>
     <encoder>
       <pattern>%msg%n</pattern>
     </encoder>
   </appender>

   <root level="debug">
     <appender-ref ref="FILE" />
   </root>
</configuration>

您也可以引用在類路徑下的資源而不是一個文件。

<configuration>

  <property resource="resource1.properties" />

  <appender name="FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
     <file>${USER_HOME}/myApp.log</file>
     <encoder>
       <pattern>%msg%n</pattern>
     </encoder>
   </appender>

   <root level="debug">
     <appender-ref ref="FILE" />
   </root>
</configuration>

變量作用域

3種，local ，context ，system ，默認爲local。

<configuration>

  <property scope="context" name="nodeId" value="firstNode" />

  <appender name="FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
    <file>/opt/${nodeId}/myApp.log</file>
    <encoder>
      <pattern>%msg%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <root level="debug">
    <appender-ref ref="FILE" />
  </root>
</configuration>

工作中用到的腳本合集

24-5-18 X

Spring學習筆記（9）----讓Spring自動掃描和管理Bean

ActiveMQ學習筆記(5)——使用Spring JMS收發消息

ActiveMQ學習筆記(4)——通過ActiveMQ收發消息

Spring學習筆記（10）----公共屬性的注入配置

老鳥的Python入門教程

https://yachay.unat.edu.pe/blog/index.php?comment_area=format_blog&comment_component=blog&comment_co

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