Integer的計算比較

請判斷如下題目的輸出結果

 

public class IntegerTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Integer a=100, b = 100, c=500, d=500;
		System.out.println(a == b);
		System.out.println(c == d);
	}
}


你可能會認爲要麼全爲true,要麼全爲false;也可能你確實對這些東西瞭解過了,認爲第一個爲true,第二個爲false。但是你清楚爲什麼嗎?其實全不對,這個題目的結果是不確定的

 

 

1.首先我們先來了解一下Integer與int的關係

 

 1.1java中四類八種基本數據類型,以及封裝類型

數值型:byteshort int long

字符型:char

浮點型:floatdouble

布爾型:boolean

 

基本數據類型 byte(字節型) short(短整型)) int(整型) long(長整型) float(浮點型) double(雙精度) char(字符型) boolean(布爾型)
佔用字節 1 2 4 8 4 8 2 系統沒有提供size方法 
默認值 0 0 0 0.0l 0.0f 0.0 /u0000(空格) false
封裝器類 Byte Short Integer Long Float Double Character Boolean

 

  1.2 區分基本類型與封裝類型的好處

 

 網上有很多說明,這裏就不再贅述了

 

2.數值比較爲什麼不確定?

 

2.1 賦值f1 = 100時,java內部發生了什麼

 

/**
     * Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
     * {@code int} value.  If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
     * required, this method should generally be used in preference to
     * the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
     * to yield significantly better space and time performance by
     * caching frequently requested values.
     *
     * This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
     * inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
     *
     * @param  i an {@code int} value.
     * @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
     * @since  1.5
     */
    public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
        assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;// vm配置最大值不能小於127
        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
        return new Integer(i);
    } assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;// vm配置最大值不能小於127
        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
        return new Integer(i);
    }

 

 

/**
     * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
     * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
     *
     * The cache is initialized on first usage.  The size of the cache
     * may be controlled by the -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size> option.   通過該參數調整最大值high
     * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
     * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
     * sun.misc.VM class.
     */
private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];

        static {
            // high value may be configured by property
            int h = 127;
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                i = Math.max(i, 127);
                // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low));
            }
            high = h;

            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
        }

        private IntegerCache() {}
    }-XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size> option.   通過該參數調整最大值high
     * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
     * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
     * sun.misc.VM class.
     */
private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];

        static {
            // high value may be configured by property
            int h = 127;
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                i = Math.max(i, 127);
                // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low));
            }
            high = h;

            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
        }

        private IntegerCache() {}
    }


     從上面可以瞭解到,樹智的比較與IntegerCache的low與high相關,而low爲默認值-128,high默認爲127;所以有一個說法當integer 取值範圍-128至127之間時由於是通過 cache[]中獲取所以比較值應該爲true;

 

    但是文章內部也會看到 最大值其實是可以變化的,通過如下信息獲得,也就是與vm配置相關,但同時這個配置值不能小於127

<span style="color:#ff0000">-XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size></span>
java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high

 

3.總結

   Integer -128至127之間的數值比較結果:true

                 小於-128之間的樹智比較結果:false

                  大於127之間的樹智比較結果:不確定,與虛擬機配置參數有關

 

4.趣味思考

  思考一個問題: Integer a = 200; int b = 200; a==b?

  結果:相等,考慮下爲什麼?

 

 

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