Java圖像處理技巧四則-剪切,縮放,灰度變換,彩色變換

 

Java圖像處理技巧四則

作者:Cherami<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

email:[email protected]

 

本人的另外一些作品請查看:http://www.smiling.com.cn/group/homepage.ecgi?group_id=23141

 

下面代碼中用到的sourceImage是一個已經存在的Image對象

圖像剪切

對於一個已經存在的Image對象,要得到它的一個局部圖像,可以使用下面的步驟:

//import java.awt.*;

//import java.awt.image.*;

Image croppedImage;

ImageFilter cropFilter;

CropFilter =new CropImageFilter(25,30,75,75);//四個參數分別爲圖像起點座標和寬高,即CropImageFilter(int x,int y,int width,int height),詳細情況請參考API

CroppedImage= Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(new FilteredImageSource(sourceImage.getSource(),cropFilter));

//如果是在Component的子類中使用,可以將上面的Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().去掉。

//FilteredImageSource是一個ImageProducer對象。

圖像縮放

對於一個已經存在的Image對象,得到它的一個縮放的Image對象可以使用ImagegetScaledInstance方法:

Image scaledImage=sourceImage. getScaledInstance(100,100, Image.SCALE_DEFAULT);//得到一個100X100的圖像

Image doubledImage=sourceImage. getScaledInstance(sourceImage.getWidth(this)*2,sourceImage.getHeight(this)*2, Image.SCALE_DEFAULT);//得到一個放大兩倍的圖像,這個程序一般在一個swing的組件中使用,而類Jcomponent實現了圖像觀察者接口ImageObserver,所有可以使用this

//其它情況請參考API

 

灰度變換

下面的程序使用三種方法對一個彩色圖像進行灰度變換,變換的效果都不一樣。一般而言,灰度變換的算法是將象素的三個顏色分量使用R*0.3+G*0.59B*0.11得到灰度值,然後將之賦值給紅綠藍,這樣顏色取得的效果就是灰度的。另一種就是取紅綠藍三色中的最大值作爲灰度值。java核心包也有一種算法,但是沒有看源代碼,不知道具體算法是什麼樣的,效果和上述不同。

/* GrayFilter.java*/

/*@author:cherami */

/*email:[email protected]*/

import java.awt.image.*;

 

public class GrayFilter extends RGBImageFilter {

       int modelStyle;

       public GrayFilter() {

              modelStyle=GrayModel.CS_MAX;

              canFilterIndexColorModel=true;

       }

       public GrayFilter(int style) {

              modelStyle=style;

              canFilterIndexColorModel=true;

       }

       public void setColorModel(ColorModel cm) {

              if (modelStyle==GrayModel.CS_MAX) {

                     substituteColorModel(cm,new GrayModel(cm));

              }

              else if (modelStyle==GrayModel.CS_FLOAT) {

                     substituteColorModel(cm,new GrayModel(cm,modelStyle));

              }

       }

       public int filterRGB(int x,int y,int pixel) {

              return pixel;

       }

}

 

/* GrayModel.java*/

/*@author:cherami */

/*email:[email protected]*/

 

import java.awt.image.*;

 

public class GrayModel extends ColorModel {

       public static final int CS_MAX=0;

       public static final int CS_FLOAT=1;

       ColorModel sourceModel;

       int modelStyle;

       public GrayModel(ColorModel sourceModel) {

              super(sourceModel.getPixelSize());

              this.sourceModel=sourceModel;

              modelStyle=0;

       }

       public GrayModel(ColorModel sourceModel,int style) {

              super(sourceModel.getPixelSize());

              this.sourceModel=sourceModel;

              modelStyle=style;           

       }

       public void setGrayStyle(int style) {

              modelStyle=style;

       }

       protected int getGrayLevel(int pixel) {

              if (modelStyle==CS_MAX) {

                     return Math.max(sourceModel.getRed(pixel),Math.max(sourceModel.getGreen(pixel),sourceModel.getBlue(pixel)));

              }

              else if (modelStyle==CS_FLOAT){

                     return (int)(sourceModel.getRed(pixel)*0.3+sourceModel.getGreen(pixel)*0.59+sourceModel.getBlue(pixel)*0.11);

              }

              else {

                     return 0;

              }

       }

       public int getAlpha(int pixel) {

              return sourceModel.getAlpha(pixel);

       }

       public int getRed(int pixel) {

              return getGrayLevel(pixel);

       }

       public int getGreen(int pixel) {

              return getGrayLevel(pixel);

       }

       public int getBlue(int pixel) {

              return getGrayLevel(pixel);

       }

       public int getRGB(int pixel) {

              int gray=getGrayLevel(pixel);

              return (getAlpha(pixel)<<24)+(gray<<16)+(gray<<8)+gray;

       }

}

如果你有自己的算法或者想取得特殊的效果,你可以修改類GrayModel的方法getGrayLevel()

 

色彩變換

根據上面的原理,我們也可以實現色彩變換,這樣的效果就很多了。下面是一個反轉變換的例子:

/* ReverseColorModel.java*/

/*@author:cherami */

/*email:[email protected]*/

import java.awt.image.*;

 

public class ReverseColorModel extends ColorModel {

       ColorModel sourceModel;

       public ReverseColorModel(ColorModel sourceModel) {

              super(sourceModel.getPixelSize());

              this.sourceModel=sourceModel;

       }

       public int getAlpha(int pixel) {

              return sourceModel.getAlpha(pixel);

       }

       public int getRed(int pixel) {

              return ~sourceModel.getRed(pixel);

       }

       public int getGreen(int pixel) {

              return ~sourceModel.getGreen(pixel);

       }

       public int getBlue(int pixel) {

              return ~sourceModel.getBlue(pixel);

       }

       public int getRGB(int pixel) {

              return (getAlpha(pixel)<<24)+(getRed(pixel)<<16)+(getGreen(pixel)<<8)+getBlue(pixel);

       }

}

/* ReverseColorModel.java*/

/*@author:cherami */

/*email:[email protected]*/

 

import java.awt.image.*;

 

public class ReverseFilter extends RGBImageFilter {

       public ReverseFilter() {

              canFilterIndexColorModel=true;

       }

       public void setColorModel(ColorModel cm) {

                     substituteColorModel(cm,new ReverseColorModel(cm));

       }

       public int filterRGB(int x,int y,int pixel) {

              return pixel;

       }

}

要想取得自己的效果,需要修改ReverseColorModel.java中的三個方法,getRedgetGreengetBlue

下面是上面的效果的一個總的演示程序。

/*GrayImage.java*/

/*@author:cherami */

/*email:[email protected]*/

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.image.*;

import javax.swing.*;

import java.awt.color.*;

 

public class GrayImage extends JFrame{

       Image source,gray,gray3,clip,bigimg;

       BufferedImage bimg,gray2;

       GrayFilter filter,filter2;

       ImageIcon ii;

       ImageFilter cropFilter;

       int iw,ih;

       public GrayImage() {

              ii=new ImageIcon("images/11.gif");

              source=ii.getImage();

              iw=source.getWidth(this);

              ih=source.getHeight(this);

              filter=new GrayFilter();

              filter2=new GrayFilter(GrayModel.CS_FLOAT);

              gray=createImage(new FilteredImageSource(source.getSource(),filter));

              gray3=createImage(new FilteredImageSource(source.getSource(),filter2));

              cropFilter=new CropImageFilter(5,5,iw-5,ih-5);

              clip=createImage(new FilteredImageSource(source.getSource(),cropFilter));

              bigimg=source.getScaledInstance(iw*2,ih*2,Image.SCALE_DEFAULT);

              MediaTracker mt=new MediaTracker(this);

              mt.addImage(gray,0);

              try {

                     mt.waitForAll();

              } catch (Exception e) {

              }

       }

       public void paint(Graphics g) {

              Graphics2D g2=(Graphics2D)g;

              bimg=new BufferedImage(iw, ih, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

        Graphics2D srcG = bimg.createGraphics();

        RenderingHints rhs = g2.getRenderingHints();

        srcG.setRenderingHints(rhs);

        srcG.drawImage(source, 0, 0, null);

              ColorSpace graySpace=ColorSpace.getInstance(ColorSpace.CS_GRAY);

              ColorConvertOp op=new ColorConvertOp(graySpace,rhs);

              gray2=new BufferedImage(iw, ih, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

              op.filter(bimg,gray2);

              g2.drawImage(source,40,40,this);

              g2.drawImage(gray,80,40,this);

              g2.drawImage(gray2,120,40,this);

              g2.drawImage(gray3,160,40,this);

              g2.drawImage(clip,40,80,this);

              g2.drawImage(bigimg,80,80,this);

       }

       public void update(Graphics g) {

              paint(g);

       }

       public static void main(String args[]) {

              GrayImage m=new GrayImage();

              m.setSize(400,400);

              m.setVisible(true);

       }

}

 

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