擼代碼沒那麼難——C++貪吃蛇

學習編程的過程中，C++似乎是一個難以跨過的坎，好不容易能寫點基礎算法，遇到數據結構又是無從下手，筆者作爲一個業餘選手，由於工作需要順便寫點代碼的人，站在另一個視角給初學者還不能獨立擼代碼的人提供一個案例，從實戰中跨過這道障礙。
學習編程前期所有語言都是想通的，只是語法規則不同，循序結構、循環結構、選擇結構，之後C++又多了指針，函數，面向對象，因此，在理解和初步掌握基礎語法規則的基礎之上，獨立完成一個貪吃蛇小遊戲確實讓人有一種酣暢淋漓之感，麻雀雖小，五臟俱全，就從最開始做出貪吃蛇的外部圍牆，再考慮設計隨機出現的實物，再考慮蛇如何吃食物可以加長，不要參考別人的代碼，不懂的語法就去翻書，比如隨機數那塊我就是百度的，然後嵌入到自己的代碼中，完全憑藉自己的邏輯和不斷地調試去指導我們的編程。相信我，完成這個小任務之後立馬可以提高你的功力，徹底將編程作爲你的工具，之後要做的就是如何利用好這個工具。

Snake.h

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <list>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stack>

using namespace std;

class Snake_Position
{
public:
    int x_snake;
    int y_snake;
};

//系統函數
void setColor(int color);
void GOTO(int x, int y);
void HiddenCursor();

//自定義函數
void Init_Map();
void Show_Snake();
void Init();
void isDead();
void Show_Score();
 

Snake.cpp

#include "Snake.h"
using namespace std;


void GOTO(int x, int y)
{
    COORD wall{ 2 * x, y };
    SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), wall);
}

void setColor(int color)
{
    SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), color);
}


void HiddenCursor()
{
    CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO info;
    info.dwSize = 1;
    info.bVisible = FALSE;
    SetConsoleCursorInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), &info);
}

Main.cpp

#include "Snake.h"

int iScore = 0;
int iGrade = 1;

//蛇頭蛇尾初始位置
int x_head = 1, y_head = 3;
int x_tail = 1, y_tail = 1;

//地圖座標
int i_Map = 1, j_Map = 1;

//第二節初始位置
int x_second = 1, y_second = 2;

//初始化移動方向
int towards1 = 2; //原來方向
int towards2; //按鍵按下後的方向

const int SIDE = 20;
int Snake_Map[SIDE][SIDE] = { 0 };

int Speed = 300;




list<Snake_Position> LIST;
Snake_Position snake;



int main()
{
    Init();
    srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
    char getKeyboard = 'd';        //從鍵盤讀取的鍵值
    char getKeyboard_Vice = 'd';    //副本: 如果讀取其他值，則保持原來鍵值
    while (1)
    {
        int isSendFood = 1; //1--不發送食物  0--發送食物  
        int iFood;
        int x = rand() % 18 + 1;
        int y = rand() % 18 + 1;
        setColor(6);
        HiddenCursor();
        GOTO(y, x);
        cout << "★";
        if (Snake_Map[x][y] != 2)
            Snake_Map[x][y] = 3;
        else
            continue;

        while (isSendFood)
        {
            if (_kbhit())
                getKeyboard = _getch();
            if (getKeyboard != 's' && getKeyboard != 'S' && getKeyboard != 'a' && getKeyboard != 'A' && getKeyboard != 'w' && getKeyboard != 'W' && getKeyboard != 'd' && getKeyboard != 'D')
                getKeyboard = getKeyboard_Vice;
            switch (getKeyboard)
            {
            case 'W':
            case 'w':
                towards2 = 4;
                if ((towards1 + towards2) == 5)
                {
                    getKeyboard = getKeyboard_Vice;
                    break;
                }
                towards1 = towards2; //如果現在方向合理，則保存方向到towards1
                x_head -= 1;

                isDead();
                if (Snake_Map[x_head][y_head] == 3)  //吃到食物
                {
                    isSendFood = 0;
                    iScore += 1;
                    snake.x_snake = x_head;
                    snake.y_snake = y_head;
                    LIST.push_front(snake);
                    Snake_Map[x_head][y_head] = 2;

                    setColor(7);
                    HiddenCursor();
                    GOTO(y_head, x_head);
                    cout << "○";

                }
                else
                {
                    snake.x_snake = x_head;
                    snake.y_snake = y_head;
                    LIST.push_front(snake);
                    Snake_Map[LIST.back().x_snake][LIST.back().y_snake] = 0;

                    setColor(7);
                    HiddenCursor();
                    GOTO(y_head, x_head);
                    cout << "○";
                    setColor(7);
                    HiddenCursor();
                    GOTO(LIST.back().y_snake, LIST.back().x_snake);
                    cout << " ";

                    LIST.pop_back();
                }
                Snake_Map[x_head][y_head] = 2;
                Show_Score();
                Sleep(Speed);
                //Show_Snake();

                getKeyboard_Vice = 'w';
                break;

            case 'S':
            case 's':
                towards2 = 1;
                if ((towards1 + towards2) == 5)
                {
                    getKeyboard = getKeyboard_Vice;
                    break;
                }
                towards1 = towards2;
                x_head += 1;

                isDead();
                if (Snake_Map[x_head][y_head] == 3)  //吃到食物
                {
                    isSendFood = 0;
                    iScore += 1;
                    snake.x_snake = x_head;
                    snake.y_snake = y_head;
                    LIST.push_front(snake);
                    Snake_Map[x_head][y_head] = 2;


                    setColor(7);
                    HiddenCursor();
                    GOTO(y_head, x_head);
                    cout << "○";


                }
                else
                {
                    snake.x_snake = x_head;
                    snake.y_snake = y_head;
                    LIST.push_front(snake);
                    Snake_Map[LIST.back().x_snake][LIST.back().y_snake] = 0;
                    setColor(7);
                    HiddenCursor();
                    GOTO(y_head, x_head);
                    cout << "○";
                    setColor(7);
                    HiddenCursor();
                    GOTO(LIST.back().y_snake, LIST.back().x_snake);
                    cout << " ";
                    LIST.pop_back();

                }
                Snake_Map[x_head][y_head] = 2;
                Show_Score();
                Sleep(Speed);
                //Show_Snake();

                getKeyboard_Vice = 's';
                break;

            case 'A':
            case 'a':
                towards2 = 3;
                if ((towards1 + towards2) == 5)
                {
                    getKeyboard = getKeyboard_Vice;
                    break;
                }
                towards1 = towards2;

                y_head -= 1;

                isDead();
                if (Snake_Map[x_head][y_head] == 3)  //吃到食物
                {
                    isSendFood = 0;
                    iScore += 1;
                    snake.x_snake = x_head;
                    snake.y_snake = y_head;
                    LIST.push_front(snake);
                    Snake_Map[x_head][y_head] = 2;
                    setColor(7);
                    HiddenCursor();
                    GOTO(y_head, x_head);
                    cout << "○";

                }
                else
                {
                    snake.x_snake = x_head;
                    snake.y_snake = y_head;
                    LIST.push_front(snake);
                    Snake_Map[LIST.back().x_snake][LIST.back().y_snake] = 0;
                    setColor(7);
                    HiddenCursor();
                    GOTO(y_head, x_head);
                    cout << "○";
                    setColor(7);
                    HiddenCursor();
                    GOTO(LIST.back().y_snake, LIST.back().x_snake);
                    cout << " ";
                    LIST.pop_back();


                }
                Snake_Map[x_head][y_head] = 2;
                Show_Score();
                Sleep(Speed);
                //Show_Snake();

                getKeyboard_Vice = 'a';
                break;

            case 'D':
            case 'd':
                towards2 = 2;
                if ((towards1 + towards2) == 5)
                {
                    getKeyboard = getKeyboard_Vice;
                    break;
                }
                towards1 = towards2;
                y_head += 1;

                isDead();
                if (Snake_Map[x_head][y_head] == 3)  //吃到食物
                {
                    isSendFood = 0;
                    iScore += 1;
                    snake.x_snake = x_head;
                    snake.y_snake = y_head;
                    LIST.push_front(snake);
                    Snake_Map[x_head][y_head] = 2;
                    setColor(7);
                    HiddenCursor();
                    GOTO(y_head, x_head);
                    cout << "○";

                }
                else
                {
                    snake.x_snake = x_head;
                    snake.y_snake = y_head;
                    LIST.push_front(snake);
                    Snake_Map[LIST.back().x_snake][LIST.back().y_snake] = 0;
                    setColor(7);
                    HiddenCursor();
                    GOTO(y_head, x_head);
                    cout << "○";
                    setColor(7);
                    HiddenCursor();
                    GOTO(LIST.back().y_snake, LIST.back().x_snake);
                    cout << " ";
                    LIST.pop_back();


                }
                Snake_Map[x_head][y_head] = 2;
                Show_Score();
                Sleep(Speed);
                //Show_Snake();

                getKeyboard_Vice = 'd';
                break;

            default:
                break;
            }

        }
    }


    system("pause");
    return 0;
}


void Init_Map()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < SIDE; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < SIDE; j++)
        {
            if (i == 0 || i == SIDE - 1 || j == 0 || j == SIDE - 1)
            {
                GOTO(i, j);
                cout << "■";
            }
        }
    }
}

void Show_Snake()
{
    for (int i = 1; i < SIDE - 1; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 1; j < SIDE - 1; j++)
        {
            if (Snake_Map[i][j] == 3)
            {
                GOTO(j, i);
                cout << "★";
            }
            if (Snake_Map[i][j] == 2)
            {
                GOTO(j, i);
                cout << "○";
            }
            if (Snake_Map[i][j] == 0)
            {
                GOTO(j, i);
                cout << " ";
            }
        }
    }
}

void Init()
{
    Init_Map();    //初始化顯示地圖
    for (int i = 0; i < SIDE; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < SIDE; j++)
        {
            if (i == 0 || i == SIDE - 1 || j == 0 || j == SIDE - 1)
                Snake_Map[i][j] = 9;
        }
    }
    //將蛇的初始三節座標依次保存到LIST中
    Snake_Map[1][1] = 2;
    snake.x_snake = 1;
    snake.y_snake = 1;
    LIST.push_front(snake);

    Snake_Map[1][2] = 2;
    snake.x_snake = 1;
    snake.y_snake = 2;
    LIST.push_front(snake);

    Snake_Map[1][3] = 2;
    snake.x_snake = 1;
    snake.y_snake = 3;
    LIST.push_front(snake);

    Show_Snake();
}

void isDead()
{
    if (Snake_Map[x_head][y_head] == 9 || Snake_Map[x_head][y_head] == 2)  //死亡條件
    {
        system("cls");
        cout << "你已經掛了, 遊戲結束！" << endl;
        Sleep(2000);
        exit(-1);
    }
}

void Show_Score()
{
    if (iScore == 5)
    {
        iGrade = 2;
        Speed = 250;
        //Sleep(2000);
    }
    if (iScore == 10)
    {

        iGrade = 3;
        Speed = 200;
        //Sleep(2000);
    }
    if (iScore == 15)
    {
        setColor(4);
        HiddenCursor();
        GOTO(5, 5);
        cout << "您已達到王者級別";
        Sleep(5000);
        exit(0);
    }
    setColor(4);
    HiddenCursor();
    GOTO(30, 8);
    cout << "級別： " << iGrade;
    GOTO(30, 12);
    cout << "得分： " << iScore;
}