Day 46 Ansible批量管理2
1.1 模塊
1.1.1 script模塊
# 編寫腳本
[root@m01 ~]# mkdir -p /server/scripts
[root@m01 ~]# cat /server/scripts/yum.sh
#!/usr/bin/bash
yum install -y iftop
#在本地運行模塊,等同於在遠程執行,不需要將腳本文件進行推送目標主機執行
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m script -a "/server/scripts/yum.sh"
1.1.2 file配置模塊
創建目錄
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m file -a "path=/tmp/oldboy state=diretory"
創建文件
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m file -a "path=/tmp/tt state=touch mode=555 owner=root group=root"
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m file -a "src=/tmp/tt path=/tmp/tt_link state=link"
path --- 指定遠程主機目錄或文件信息
recurse --- 遞歸授權
state ---
directory --- 在遠端創建目錄
touch --- 在遠端創建文件
link --- link或hard表示創建鏈接文件
absent --- 表示刪除文件或目錄
mode --- 設置文件或目錄權限
owner --- 設置文件或目錄屬主信息
group --- 設置文件或目錄屬組信息
1.1.3 group模塊
name --- 指定創建的組名
gid --- 指定組的gid
state
absent --- 移除遠端主機的組
present --- 創建遠端主機的組(默認)
創建組,指定gid
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m group -a "name=oldgirl gid=888"
1.1.4 user模塊
uid --- 指定用戶的uid
group --- 指定用戶組名稱
groups --- 指定附加組名稱
password --- 給用戶添加密碼
shell --- 指定用戶登錄shell
create_home --- 是否創建家目錄
創建oldgirl,設定uid爲888,並加入gid爲888
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m user -a "name=oldgirl uid=888 group=888 shell=/sbin/nologin create_home=no"
隨機生成加密字符串(-1使用MD5進行加密 -stdin 非交互式 -salt 加密參數)
[root@m01 ~]# echo "bgx" | openssl passwd -1 -stdin
固定加密字符串
[root@m01 ~]# echo "123"| openssl passwd -1 -stdin -salt 'salt
創建普通用戶,並配置對應的用戶密碼
[root@m01 ~]# echo "bgx" | openssl passwd -1 -stdin
$1$1KmeCnsK$HGnBE86F/XkXufL.n6sEb.
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m user -a 'name=xlw password="$1$765yDGau$diDKPRoCIPMU6KEVEaPTZ0"'
1.1.5 crond模塊
# 正常使用crond服務
[root@m01 ~]# crontab -l
* * * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/yum.sh
# 使用ansible添加一條定時任務
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m cron -a "minute=* hour=* day=* month=* weekday=* job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh'"
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m cron -a "job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh'"
# 設置定時任務註釋信息,防止重複,name設定
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m cron -a "name='cron01' job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh'"
# 刪除相應定時任務
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m cron -a "name='ansible cron02' minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh' state=absent"
# 註釋相應定時任務,使定時任務失效
[root@m01 scripts]# ansible oldboy -m cron -a "name='ansible cron01' minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh' disabled=yes"
1.1.6 mount模塊
present ---開機掛載,僅將掛載配置寫入/etc/fstab
mounted ---掛載設備,並將配置寫入/etc/fstab
unmounted ---卸載設備,不會清除/etc/fstab寫入的配置
absent ---卸載設備,會清理/etc/fstab寫入的配置
僅將掛載的配置寫入/etc/fstab,並不會執行掛載操作
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=present"
臨時掛載設備,並將掛載信息寫入/etc/fstab
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted"
臨時卸載,不會清理/etc/fstab
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=unmounted"
卸載,不僅臨時卸載,同時會清理/etc/fstab
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=absent"
2.1 練習
yum copy service mount cron user file
2.1.1 機器還原快照(firewalld、selinux、配置好倉庫)
選擇虛擬機->快照->恢復
2.1.2 推送你的公鑰
[root@m01 ~]# sshpass -p1 ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]
2.1.3配置Ansible的主機清單
[root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[web]
172.16.1.7
172.16.1.8
[nfs]
172.16.1.31
[backup]
172.16.1.41
檢查主機是否都ok
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -m ping
2.2基礎環境:
1.所有的主機都需要安裝rsync和nfs-utils
2.所有的主機都需要準備對應的rsync客戶端的密碼文件/etc/rsync.pass
3.所有的主機都需要創建一個uid和gid爲666的www用戶
4.所有的主機都需要全網備份的腳本,並配置好定時任務
2.2.1安裝rsync和nfs-utils
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -m yum -a "name=rsync,nfs-utils state=installed"
2.2.2準備rsync的客戶端密碼文件
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -m copy -a "content='1' dest=/etc/rsync.pass owner=root group=root mode=600"
2.2.3準備對應的www用戶,uid和gid都爲666
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -m group -a "name=www gid=666"
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -m user -a "name=www uid=666 group=666 create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin"
2.2.4從管理上拷貝對應的腳本文件,然後將其加入定時任務
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -m copy -a "src=./scripts/rsync_backup_md5.sh dest=/server/scripts/ mode=755"
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -m cron -a "name='Rsync Bakcup Scripts' hour=01 minute=00 job='/bin/bash /server/scripts/rsync_backup_md5.sh &>/dev/null'"
[root@m01 ~]# pwd
/root
[root@m01 ~]# mkdir scripts
[root@m01 ~]# cat scripts/rsync_backup_md5.sh
#!/usr/bin/bash
export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
#1.定義變量
Host=$(hostname)
Addr=$(ifconfig eth1|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')
Date=$(date +%F)
Dest=${Host}_${Addr}_${Date}
Path=/backup
#2.創建備份目錄
[ -d $Path/$Dest ] || mkdir -p $Path/$Dest
#3.備份對應的文件
cd / && \
[ -f $Path/$Dest/system.tar.gz ] || tar czf $Path/$Dest/system.tar.gz etc/fstab etc/rsyncd.conf && \
[ -f $Path/$Dest/log.tar.gz ] || tar czf $Path/$Dest/log.tar.gz var/log/messages var/log/secure && \
#4.攜帶md5驗證信息
[ -f $Path/$Dest/${Date}.flag ] || md5sum $Path/$Dest/*.tar.gz >$Path/$Dest/${Date}.flag
#5.推送本地數據至備份服務器
export RSYNC_PASSWORD=1
rsync -avz $Path/ [email protected]::backup
#6.本地保留最近7天的數據
find $Path/ -type d -mtime +7|xargs rm -rf
2.3應用環境:(配置rsync服務->Backup服務器)
1.安裝rsync
2.配置rsync,/etc/rsyncd.conf
3.創建目錄,創建虛擬用戶文件,變更權限
4.啓動服務,加入開機自啓動
5.配置郵箱,準備對應的腳本
2.3.1安裝rsync
[root@m01 ~]# ansible backup -m yum -a "name=rsync state=installed"
2.3.2配置rsync,/etc/rsyncd.conf
[root@m01 ~]# ansible backup -m copy -a "src=./conf/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/rsyncd.conf"
[root@m01 ~]# pwd
/root
[root@m01 ~]# mkdir conf
[root@m01 ~]# cat conf/rsyncd.conf
uid = www
gid = www
port = 873
fake super = yes
use chroot = no
max connections = 200
timeout = 600
ignore errors
read only = false
list = false
auth users = rsync_backup
secrets file = /etc/rsync.password
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
#####################################
[backup]
path = /backup
[data]
path = /data
2.3.3創建目錄,變更權限,創建虛擬用戶文件
[root@m01 ~]# ansible backup -m file -a "path=/backup state=directory mode=755 owner=www group=www"
[root@m01 ~]# ansible backup -m file -a "path=/data state=directory mode=755 owner=www group=www"
[root@m01 ~]# ansible backup -m copy -a "content='rsync_backup:1' dest=/etc/rsync.password mode=600 owner=root group=root"
2.3.4啓動服務,加入開機自啓動
[root@m01 ~]# ansible backup -m service -a "name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes"
2.3.5配置郵箱,準備對應的腳本
2.4應用環境:(配置nfs服務)
1.安裝nfs-utils
2.配置nfs-utils
3.創建對應的共享目錄,並修改權限
4.啓動nfs
2.4.1安裝nfs-utils
[root@m01 ~]# ansible nfs -m yum -a "name=nfs-utils state=installed"
2.4.2配置nfs-utils
[root@m01 ~]# ansible nfs -m copy -a "content='/data 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)' dest=/etc/exports"
2.4.3創建對應的共享目錄,並遞歸修改權限
[root@m01 ~]# ansible nfs -m file -a "path=/data state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755"
2.4.4啓動nfs
[root@m01 ~]# ansible nfs -m service -a "name=nfs-server state=started enabled=yes"
2.5應用環境:(配置web服務,掛載操作)
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted"
驗證:
1.驗證nfs存儲是否可以用
2.驗證rsync是否能完成推送
3.backup服務器進行校驗
4.實時同步