Docker零碎筆記

001.查看鏡像、容器、數據卷所佔用的空間

docker system df

002.具體查看鏡像內的歷史記錄

docker history nginx:v2

003.使用Dockerfile構建鏡像(注意後面有個點)

docker build -t myip .

004.使用compose對docker容器進行編排管理時，需要編寫docker-compose.yml文件需要注意縮進

yml文件換行後的縮進，不允許使用tab鍵字符，只能使用空格，而空格的數量要一致

005.docker-compose

負責實現對 Docker 容器集羣的快速編排

006.docker-machine

負責在多種平臺上快速安裝docker環境

007.swarm mode

負責將多個docker主機封裝爲單個大型的虛擬dockerd主機,快速打造一套容器雲平臺

008.安裝virtualbox

sudo apt-get purge virtualbox
sudo apt-get
install linux-generic
linux-image-generic
linux-headers-generic
linux-signed-generic
sudo apt-get
install virtualbox

009.docker鏡像加速器下載速度對比

加速器	地址	Httpd,177MB下載鏡像耗時	MySQL,407MB下載鏡像耗時	Nginx,109MB下載鏡像耗時
官方	https://registry.docker-cn.com	52 s	42 s	20 s
阿里	https://2lqq34jg.mirror.aliyuncs.com	36 s	38 s	20 s
網易	http://hub-mirror.c.163.com	67 s	73 s	475 s
官方錯誤	http://registry.docker-cn.com	1770 s	不忍測試	閒時再測
不使用	---	一個字慢！	不忍測試	閒時再測

結論：
1、使用加速器後，下載速度飛快,家庭100Mb寬帶環境下，鏡像下載速度能達到3-5MB/s以上。
2、由於Docker採用分層文件系統，不同鏡像公用一些相同的層文件，在下載後續鏡像時下載速度更快，比如阿里加速器下載MySQL鏡像，“達到”了10.7MB/s；
3、加速器地址一定要寫對，官方加速器的不能寫成http，一定要寫https，否則無加速效果；
4、加速器的加速效果差不多？官方的、阿里的、網易163的加速器效果如下：阿里 >官方 > 網易 > 不加速
5、Docker支持同時配置多個加速器，建議依上面的次序同時配置多個加速器。
6、代碼:

{
 "registry-mirrors": [
  "https://2lqq34jg.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
  "https://registry.docker-cn.com",
  "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"
 ]
}

010.docker的run命令

docker run -it -v /usr/java/:/mnt/software/ myubuntu /bin/bash
docker run <相關參數> <鏡像ID 或者 倉庫名:標籤名> <初始命令>
相關參數包括：  
    -i：表示以“交互模式”運行容器  
    -t：表示容器啓動後會進入其命令行  
    -v：表示需要將本地哪個目錄掛載到容器中，格式：-v <宿主機目錄>:<容器目錄>
初始命令表示一旦容器啓動，需要運行的命令，若此處命令使用"/bin/bash"，則表示什麼也不做，只需進入命令行即可
退出容器使用Ctrl+d或輸入exit
再次啓動已啓動過但現在是關閉的容器
docker start 容器ID或容器名
這個命令只會啓動容器，不會進入容器。要進入容器得用命令
docker attach 容器ID或容器名

011.docker如何查看已存在的容器所掛載的目錄

docker inspect container_name | grep Mounts -A 20

012.docker啓動mysql容器

初次啓動需要指定root用戶密碼, 也可在docker-compose中指定, 直接用docker-compose啓動

docker run -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -p 33066:3306 --name mysql-5.7 -d mysql:5.7 -v /data/mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d -v /data/mysql/logs:/usr/local/mysql/logs -v /data/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql

013.docker進入mysql容器

docker exec -it mysql-5.7 bash
# 然後進入mysql服務
mysql -uroot -p

014.docker啓動tomcat

docker run --mount source=tomcat-8.5-xyj,target=/usr/local/tomcat/webapps -p 8081:8080 --name tomcat-8.5 -d tomcat:8.5

015.DockerCompose通過compose工程名以及服務名從dockerEngine獲取當前所有含有此標記的容器以檢查當前工程所包含的服務狀態,根據當前狀態爲每個服務制定接下來的動作

1. 若容器不存在，則服務動作設置爲創建（create）
2. 若容器存在但設置不允許重建，則服務動作設置爲啓動（start）
3. 若容器配置發生變化（config-hash）或者設置強制重建標誌，則服務動作設置爲重建（recreate）
4. 若容器狀態爲停止，則服務動作設置爲啓動（start）
5. 若容器狀態爲運行但其依賴容器需要重建，則服務狀態設置爲重建（recreate）
6. 若容器狀態爲運行其無配置改變則不作操作

016.docker查看某個容器大小

進入docker容器默認位置:/var/lib/docker/containers, 文件夾名稱即爲容器名,文件夾大小即爲容器大小

17. Docker參考網站

Docker Hub官方網站(用於查找各種鏡像):
https://hub.docker.com/
docker-compose.yml文件各個參數的官方說明:
https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/

18. Docker的各種docker-compose.yml文件

(1) MySQL

version: "3.5"

services:
 mysql:
  image: mysql:5.7
  restart: always
  container_name: mysql
  environment:
   MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
  ports:
   - "3306:3306"
  networks:
   mysql:
    ipv4_address: 172.20.0.2
  volumes:
   - type: volume
     source: data
     target: /var/lib/mysql
   - type: volume
     source: config
     target: /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d
   - type: volume
     source: logs
     target: /usr/local/mysql/logs

volumes:
 data:
 config:
 logs:

networks:
 mysql:
  driver: bridge
  name: mysql
  ipam:
   driver: default
   config:
   -
    subnet: 172.20.0.0/24

(2) Redis

version: "3.5"

services:
 redis:
  image: redis:4.0.9
  restart: always
  container_name: redis
  volumes:
   - type: volume
     source: config
     target: /usr/local/etc/redis
   - type: volume
     source: data
     target: /data
  command: redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf
  ports:
   - "6379:6379"
  networks:
   redis:
    ipv4_address: 172.20.0.2

volumes:
 config:
 data:

networks:
 redis:
  driver: bridge
  name: redis
  ipam:
   driver: default
   config:
   -
    subnet: 172.20.0.0/24

(3) Tomcat

version: "3.5"

services:
 blog:
  image: tomcat:8.5
  restart: always
  container_name: blog
  ports:
   - "8083:8080"
  networks:
   - mysql
  volumes:
   - type: volume
     source: blog
     target: /usr/local/tomcat/webapps

volumes:
 blog:
  name: blog

networks:
  mysql:
   external: true
   name: mysql

(4) Java示例(執行了java -jar /opt/blogback.jar命令, 方便啓動容器後自動運行Java程序, 也可用於SpringBoot項目的部署)

version: "3.5"

services:
 blogback:
  image: java:8
  restart: always
  container_name: blogback
  ports:
   - "8082:8080"
  working_dir: /opt
  command: java -jar /opt/blogback.jar
  networks:
   - mysql
  volumes:
   - type: volume
     source: blogback
     target: /opt

volumes:
 blogback:
  name: blogback

networks:
 mysql:
  external: true
  name: mysql

(5) GitLab

version: "3.5"

services:
 gitlab:
  image: gitlab/gitlab-ce:10.5.4-ce.0
  restart: always
  container_name: gitlab
  ports:
   - "8085:80"
   - "2222:22"
  hostname: "gitlab.ywz.com"
  environment:
   GITLAB_OMNIBUS_CONFIG: |
    gitlab_rails['gitlab_shell_ssh_port'] = 2222
  volumes:
   - type: volume
     source: config
     target: /etc/gitlab
   - type: volume
     source: logs
     target: /var/log/gitlab
   - type: volume
     source: data
     target: /var/opt/gitlab

volumes:
 config:
  name: gitlab_config
 logs:
  name: gitlab_logs
 data:
  name: gitlab_data

(6) Jenkins

version: "3.5"

services:
 jenkins:
  image: jenkins:2.60.3
  restart: always
  container_name: jenkins
  ports:
   - "8080:8080"
  volumes:
   - type: bind
     source: /home/paul/docker/myvolume/jenkins/home
     target: /var/jenkins_home

(7) Nexus

version: "3.5"

services:
 nexus:
  image: sonatype/nexus3:3.8.0
  restart: always
  container_name: nexus
  ports:
   - "8081:8081"
  volumes:
   - type: volume
     source: data
     target: /nexus-data

volumes:
 data:

(8) Nginx

version: "3.5"

services:
 nginx:
  image: nginx:1.13
  restart: always
  container_name: nginx
  ports:
   - "80:80"
  volumes:
   - type: volume
     source: config
     target: /etc/nginx

volumes:
 config:

(9) Python

version: "3.5"

services:
 python:
  image: python:3.5
  restart: always
  container_name: python
  tty: true
  command: bash
  volumes:
   - type: volume
     source: workspace
     target: /home
   - type: volume
     source: lib
     target: /usr/local/lib

volumes:
 workspace:
  name: python_workspace
 lib:
  name: python_lib

(10) 多個Tomcat項目共用MySQL, Redis示例

version: "3.5"

services:
 jn:
  image: tomcat:8.5
  restart: always
  container_name: tomcat_oa_jn
  ports:
   - "8082:8080"
  networks:
   - mysql_oa
   - redis_oa
  volumes:
   - type: bind
     source: /home/paul/docker/myvolume/tomcat_oa_jn/webapps
     target: /usr/local/tomcat/webapps
  depends_on:
   - mysql_oa
   - redis_oa

 xq:
  image: tomcat:8.5
  restart: always
  container_name: tomcat_oa_xq
  ports:
   - "8083:8080"
  networks:
   - mysql_oa
   - redis_oa
  volumes:
   - type: bind
     source: /home/paul/docker/myvolume/tomcat_oa_xq/webapps
     target: /usr/local/tomcat/webapps
  depends_on:
   - mysql_oa
   - redis_oa

 test:
  image: tomcat:8.5
  restart: always
  container_name: tomcat_oa_test
  ports:
   - "8084:8080"
  networks:
   - mysql_oa
   - redis_oa
  volumes:
   - type: bind
     source: /home/paul/docker/myvolume/tomcat_oa_test/webapps
     target: /usr/local/tomcat/webapps
  depends_on:
   - mysql_oa
   - redis_oa

 mysql_oa:
  image: mysql:5.7
  restart: always
  container_name: mysql_oa
  environment:
   MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
  ports:
   - "3307:3306"
  networks:
   mysql_oa:
    ipv4_address: 172.20.0.2
  volumes:
   - type: volume
     source: mysql_data
     target: /var/lib/mysql
   - type: volume
     source: mysql_config
     target: /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d
   - type: volume
     source: mysql_logs
     target: /usr/local/mysql/logs

 redis_oa:
  image: redis:4.0.9
  restart: always
  container_name: redis_oa
  command: redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf
  ports:
   - "6379:6379"
  networks:
   redis:
    ipv4_address: 172.21.0.2
  volumes:
   - type: volume
     source: redis_config
     target: /usr/local/etc/redis
   - type: volume
     source: redis_data
     target: /data

volumes:
 mysql_data:
  name: mysql_oa_data
 mysql_config:
  name: mysql_oa_config
 mysql_logs:
  name: mysql_oa_logs
 redis_config:
  name: redis_oa_config
 redis_data:
  name: redis_oa_data

networks:
  mysql_oa:
   driver: bridge
   name: mysql_oa
   ipam:
    driver: default
    config:
    -
     subnet: 172.20.0.0/24
  redis_oa:
   driver: bridge
   name: redis_oa
   ipam:
    driver: default
    config:
    -
     subnet: 172.21.0.0/24

19. Dockerfile實現在centos7-jdk8容器中安裝應用(以libreoffice爲例)

(1) Dockerfile文件

FROM bpatterson/centos7-jdk8

RUN yum update -y

RUN yum install -y libreoffice-headless libreoffice-writer libreoffice-calc libreoffice- libreoffice-impress libreoffice-langpack-zh-Hans libreoffice-langpack-zh-Hant libreoffice-langpack-ja ImageMagick curl

RUN yum clean all

WORKDIR /

(2) 在Dockerfile文件所在目錄下執行如下命令生成鏡像

docker build -t libreoffice:1.0 .

(3) 鏡像生成後就可以通過compose文件或者直接使用命令啓動容器了

version: "3.3"

services:
 libreoffice:
  image: libreoffice:1.0
  restart: always
  tty: true
  command: /bin/bash
  container_name: libreoffice
  ports:
   - "8192:8080"
  volumes:
   - type: bind
     source: /home/libreoffice/data
     target: /home/libreoffice/data

(4) 啓動容器後運行容器內應用

docker exec -t libreoffice libreoffice --headless --convert-to pdf /home/libreoffice/data/source/test.xls --outdir /home/libreoffice/data/target

(5) libreoffice功能
實現附件格式轉換, 如: xls文件轉換爲doc文件, doc文件轉換爲pdf文件等等.