實驗拓撲圖：
![MySQL數據庫實現主從同步與讀寫分離（實戰！可跟做！）]()
MySQL主從同步：
一、安裝NTP服務，同步時間
1、在MySQL主服務器上安裝NTP服務
[root@master ~]# yum install ntp -y
.........//省略過程
[root@master ~]#
2、修改NTP服務配置文件
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/ntp.conf
server 127.127.52.0 //本地時鐘源
fudge 127.127.52.0 stratum 8 //設置時間層級爲8
[root@master ~]#
3、開啓服務NTP服務，關閉防火牆
[root@master ~]# systemctl start ntpd //開啓服務
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //關閉防火牆
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0 //關閉增強性安全功能
4、在MySQL從服務器1上，安裝NTP服務，向主服務器同步時間
[root@slave1 ~]# yum install ntp ntpdate -y
........//省略過程
[root@slave1 ~]# systemctl start ntpd //開啓服務
[root@slave1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //關閉防火牆
[root@slave1 ~]# setenforce 0 //關閉增強性安全功能
[root@slave1 ~]# /usr/sbin/ntpdate 192.168.52.133 //同步時間
22 Nov 14:43:50 ntpdate[46222]: the NTP socket is in use, exiting
[root@slave1 ~]#
5、在MySQL從服務器2上，安裝NTP服務，向主服務器同步時間
[root@slave2 ~]# yum install ntp ntpdate -y
........//省略過程
[root@slave2 ~]# systemctl start ntpd //開啓服務
[root@slave2 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //關閉防火牆
[root@slave2 ~]# setenforce 0 //關閉增強性安全功能
[root@slave2 ~]# /usr/sbin/ntpdate 192.168.52.133 //同步時間
22 Nov 14:46:12 ntpdate[69300]: the NTP socket is in use, exiting
[root@slave2 ~]#
二、源碼編譯安裝MySQL服務
1、將宿主機上的工具包共享出去
![MySQL數據庫實現主從同步與讀寫分離（實戰！可跟做！）]()
2、將MySQL源碼包解壓到“/opt/”目錄下
[root@master ~]# mkdir /mnt/tools //創建目錄
[root@master ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.50/tools /mnt/tools/ //掛載共享目錄
Password for root@//192.168.100.50/tools:
[root@master ~]# cd /mnt/tools/MySQL/
[root@master MySQL]# ls
amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz
boost_1_59_0.tar.gz mysql-5.5.24.tar.gz
[root@master MySQL]# tar zxvf mysql-5.5.24.tar.gz -C /opt/ //解壓
........//省略過程
3、安裝編譯所需環境包
[root@master MySQL]# cd /opt/mysql-5.5.24/
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# yum -y install \
> ncurses \
> ncurses-devel \
> bison \
> cmake \
> make \
> gcc \
> gcc-c++
4、創建mysql用戶和安裝目錄
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql //創建用戶
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql //創建目錄
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]#
5、配置MySQL服務
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# cmake \
> -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ //安裝路徑
> -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/home/mysql/mysql.sock \ //定義sock文件連接數據庫文件
> -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ //指定字符集，utf8支持中文字符
> -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ //指定字符集默認
> -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ //指定額外支持的其它字符集
> -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ //存儲引擎
> -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
> -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
> -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql \ //指定數據文件目錄
> -DMYSQL_USER=mysql \ //用戶
> -DMSQL_TCP_PROT=3306 //端口
6、編譯安裝MySQL
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# make && make install
.........//省略過程
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]#
7、對MySQL服務進行相關優化
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/ //修改屬主屬組
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]#
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/profile //進入環境變量配置文件
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/ //添加mysql環境變量
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# source /etc/profile //重新加載文件
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]#
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf //複製配置文件
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/my.cnf’? yes
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld //複製管理文件
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]#
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld //添加執行權限
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/mysqld //讓service服務能識別mysqld
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# chkconfig mysqld --level 35 on //在級別3、5中啓動
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]#
8、初始化數據庫
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \
> --user=mysql \ //用戶
> --ldata=/var/lib/mysql \
> --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \ //工作目錄
> --datadir=/home/mysql //數據目錄
9、修改管理文件
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql //指定工作目錄
datadir=/home/mysql //指定數據目錄
10、開啓MySQL服務
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]#
11、測試登錄數據庫
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# mysqladmin -u root password 'abc123' //設置登錄用戶密碼
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# mysql -u root -pabc123 //登錄數據庫
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.24-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> \q //退出
Bye
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]#
12、在從服務器slave1上安裝MySQL數據庫（過程同上，不多解釋）
[root@slave1 ~]# mkdir /mnt/tools
[root@slave1 ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.50/tools /mnt/tools/
Password for root@//192.168.100.50/tools:
[root@slave1 ~]# cd /mnt/tools/MySQL/
[root@slave1 MySQL]# ls
amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz
boost_1_59_0.tar.gz mysql-5.5.24.tar.gz
[root@slave1 MySQL]# tar zxvf mysql-5.5.24.tar.gz -C /opt/
.......//省略過程
[root@slave1 MySQL]# cd /opt/mysql-5.5.24/
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# yum -y install \
> ncurses \
> ncurses-devel \
> bison \
> cmake \
> make \
> gcc \
> gcc-c++
..........//省略過程
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# cmake \
> -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
> -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/home/mysql/mysql.sock \
> -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
> -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
> -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
> -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
> -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
> -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql \
> -DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
> -DMSQL_TCP_PROT=3306
...........//省略過程
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# make && make install
...........//省略過程
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]#
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# source /etc/profile
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]#
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/my.cnf’? yes
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]#
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# chkconfig mysqld --level 35 on
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]#
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \
> --user=mysql \
> --ldata=/var/lib/mysql \
> --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
> --datadir=/home/mysql
.............//省略過程
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/home/mysql
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]#
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# mysqladmin -u root password 'abc123'
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# mysql -uroot -pabc123
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.24-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]#
13、在從服務器slave2上安裝MySQL數據庫（過程同上，不多解釋）
[root@slave2 ~]# mkdir /mnt/tools
[root@slave2 ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.50/tools /mnt/tools/
Password for root@//192.168.100.50/tools:
[root@slave2 ~]# cd /mnt/tools/MySQL/
[root@slave2 MySQL]# ls
amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz
boost_1_59_0.tar.gz mysql-5.5.24.tar.gz
[root@slave2 MySQL]# tar zxvf mysql-5.5.24.tar.gz -C /opt/
...........//省略過程
[root@slave2 MySQL]# cd /opt/mysql-5.5.24/
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# yum -y install \
> ncurses \
> ncurses-devel \
> bison \
> cmake \
> make \
> gcc \
> gcc-c++
...........//省略過程
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# cmake \
> -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
> -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/home/mysql/mysql.sock \
> -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
> -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
> -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
> -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
> -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
> -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql \
> -DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
> -DMSQL_TCP_PROT=3306
...........//省略過程
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# make && make install
...........//省略過程
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]#
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# source /etc/profile
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]#
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/my.cnf’? yes
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]#
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# chkconfig mysqld --level 35 on
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]#
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \
> --user=mysql \
> --ldata=/var/lib/mysql \
> --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
> --datadir=/home/mysql
...........//省略過程
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/home/mysql
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]#
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# mysqladmin -u root password 'abc123'
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# mysql -uroot -pabc123
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.24-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> \q
Bye
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]#
三、配置MySQL主服務器主從同步
1、修改MySQL主服務器配置文件
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/my.cnf
log-bin=master-bin //日誌文件
log-slave-updates=true //允許從服務器同步
server-id = 11 //服務器id
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# service mysqld restart //重啓服務
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]#
2、創建一個myslave用戶來讓從服務器同步時使用
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.24-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'myslave'@'192.168.52.%' identified by '123456';
//創建同步用戶
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status; //查看主服務器狀態
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000008 | 338 | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit //退出
Bye
[root@master mysql-5.5.24]#
四、配置MySQL從服務器1主從同步
1、修改MySQL主服務器配置文件
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id = 22 //服務器id
relay-log=relay-log-bin //中繼日誌
relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index //中繼日誌索引
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# service mysqld restart //重啓服務
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]#
2、進入數據庫，開啓從服務器功能
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.24-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.52.133',master_user='myslave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000008',master_log_pos=338;
//配置需要進行同步的MySQL主服務器的IP地址、同步用戶、用戶密碼、日誌文件、位置節點
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave; //開啓從服務器的同步服務
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G; //查看狀態
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.52.133
Master_User: myslave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000008
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 338
Relay_Log_File: relay-log-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 254
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000008
Slave_IO_Running: Yes //確認開啓
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes //確認開啓
..............//省略部分內容
Master_Server_Id: 11
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql>
五、配置MySQL從服務器2主從同步
1、修改MySQL主服務器配置文件
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id = 23 //服務id
relay-log=relay-log-bin //中繼日誌
relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index //中繼日誌索引
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# service mysqld restart //重啓服務
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]#
2、進入數據庫，開啓從服務器功能
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.24-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.52.133',master_user='myslave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000008',master_log_pos=338;
//配置需要進行同步的MySQL主服務器的IP地址、同步用戶、用戶密碼、日誌文件、位置節點
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> start slave; //開啓從服務器的同步服務
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G; //查看狀態
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.52.133
Master_User: myslave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000008
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 338
Relay_Log_File: relay-log-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 254
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000008
Slave_IO_Running: Yes //確認開啓
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes //確認開啓
...........//省略部分內容
Master_Server_Id: 11
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql>
六、驗證主從同步
1、查看master服務器的數據庫
mysql> show databases; //查看數據庫
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
2、查看slave1服務器的數據庫
mysql> show databases; //查看數據庫
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
3、查看slave2服務器的數據庫
mysql> show databases; //查看數據庫
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
4、在master服務器創建一個master數據庫
mysql> create database master; //創建數據庫master
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases; //查看數據庫
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla |
| master | //創建成功
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
5、再次查看slave1服務器的數據庫
mysql> show databases; //查看數據庫
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla |
| master | //同步成功
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
6、再次查看slave2服務器的數據庫
mysql> show databases; //查看數據庫
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla |
| master | //同步成功
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
MySQL動靜分離
一、安裝jdk
1、關閉amoeba服務器防火牆
[root@amoeba ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //關閉防火牆
[root@amoeba ~]# setenforce 0 //關閉增強性安全功能
[root@amoeba ~]#
2、安裝jdk1.6
[root@amoeba ~]# mkdir /mnt/tools //創建掛載目錄
[root@amoeba ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.50/tools /mnt/tools/ //掛載共享目錄
Password for root@//192.168.100.50/tools:
[root@amoeba ~]# cd /mnt/tools/MySQL/
[root@amoeba MySQL]# ls
amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz
boost_1_59_0.tar.gz mysql-5.5.24.tar.gz
[root@amoeba MySQL]# cp jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin /usr/local/ //複製
[root@amoeba MySQL]# cd /usr/local/
[root@amoeba local]# ls
bin games jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin lib64 sbin src
etc include lib libexec share
[root@amoeba local]# ./jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin //直接執行
..............//省略介紹信息，回車即可
Do you agree to the above license terms? [yes or no]
yes //同意條款
Press Enter to continue.....
Done.
[root@amoeba local]#
3、重新命名jdk目錄
[root@amoeba local]# ls
bin games jdk1.6.0_14 lib libexec share
etc include jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin lib64 sbin src
[root@amoeba local]# mv jdk1.6.0_14/ /usr/local/jdk1.6
[root@amoeba local]# ls
bin games jdk1.6 lib libexec share
etc include jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin lib64 sbin src
[root@amoeba local]#
4、配置環境變量
[root@amoeba local]# vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.6
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin/:$PATH:$HOME/bin
export AMOEBA_HOME=/usr/local/amoeba
export PATH=$PATH:$AMOEBA_HOME/bin
[root@amoeba local]# source /etc/profile //重新加載文件，讓配置生效
[root@amoeba local]#
二、安裝amoeba
1、解壓amoeba壓縮包
[root@amoeba local]# mkdir /usr/local/amoeba //創建工作目錄
[root@amoeba local]# cd - //回到到上次切換過來目錄
/mnt/tools/MySQL
[root@amoeba MySQL]# tar zxvf amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/amoeba/ //解壓
2、修改目錄權限
[root@amoeba MySQL]# cd - //回到切換前目錄
/usr/local
[root@amoeba local]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/amoeba/ //修改目錄權限，-R表示遞歸
[root@amoeba local]# /usr/local/amoeba/bin/amoeba
amoeba start|stop //表示安裝成功
[root@amoeba local]#
3、分別給三臺MySQL服務器添加amoeba服務器的訪問權限
MySQL主服務器：master
mysql> grant all on *.* to test@'192.168.52.%' identified by '123abc';
//添加一個test用戶
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql>
MySQL從服務器：slave1
mysql> grant all on *.* to test@'192.168.52.%' identified by '123abc';
//添加一個test用戶
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
MySQL從服務器：slave2
mysql> grant all on *.* to test@'192.168.52.%' identified by '123abc';
//添加一個test用戶
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
4、修改配置文件“amoeba.xml”
[root@amoeba local]# cd /usr/local/amoeba/
[root@amoeba amoeba]# vim conf/amoeba.xml
30 <property name="user">amoeba</property> //客戶端用來訪問amoeba的用戶
31
32 <property name="password">123456</property> //用戶密碼
115 <property name="defaultPool">master</property> //默認MySQL池
116
117 <!-- -->
118 <property name="writePool">master</property> //寫入數據池
119 <property name="readPool">slaves</property> //讀取數據池
[root@amoeba amoeba]#
5、修改配置文件“dbServers.xml”
[root@amoeba amoeba]# vim conf/dbServers.xml
26 <property name="user">test</property> //用來訪問數據庫的用戶
27
28 <!-- mysql password -->
29 <property name="password">123abc</property> //用戶密碼
42 </poolConfig>
43 </dbServer>
44
45 <dbServer name="master" parent="abstractServer"> //配置MySQL主服務器名
46 <factoryConfig>
47 <!-- mysql ip -->
48 <property name="ipAddress">192.168.52.133</property> //配置主服務器IP地址
49 </factoryConfig>
50 </dbServer>
51
52 <dbServer name="slave1" parent="abstractServer"> //配置MySQL從服務器名
53 <factoryConfig>
54 <!-- mysql ip -->
55 <property name="ipAddress">192.168.52.134</property> //配置從服務器IP地址
56 </factoryConfig>
57 </dbServer>
58
59 <dbServer name="slave2" parent="abstractServer"> //配置MySQL從服務器名
60 <factoryConfig>
61 <!-- mysql ip -->
62 <property name="ipAddress">192.168.52.148</property> //配置從服務器IP地址
63 </factoryConfig>
64 </dbServer>
65
66 <dbServer name="slaves" virtual="true"> //數據池名
67 <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool">
68 <!-- Load balancing strategy: 1=ROUNDROBIN , 2=WEIGHTBASED , 3=HA-->
69 <property name="loadbalance">1</property>
70
71 <!-- Separated by commas,such as: server1,server2,server1 - ->
72 <property name="poolNames">slave1,slave2</property> //數據池包含的服務器
73 </poolConfig>
74 </dbServer>
[root@amoeba amoeba]#
6、後臺開啓amoeba服務
[root@amoeba amoeba]# /usr/local/amoeba/bin/amoeba start& //開啓服務，&表示在後臺運行
[1] 98847
[root@amoeba amoeba]# log4j:WARN log4j config load completed from file:/usr/local/amoeba/conf/log4j.xml
2019-11-24 13:42:31,951 INFO context.MysqlRuntimeContext - Amoeba for Mysql current versoin=5.1.45-mysql-amoeba-proxy-2.2.0
log4j:WARN ip access config load completed from file:/usr/local/amoeba/conf/access_list.conf
2019-11-24 13:42:32,235 INFO net.ServerableConnectionManager - Amoeba for Mysql listening on 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8066.
2019-11-24 13:42:32,236 INFO net.ServerableConnectionManager - Amoeba Monitor Server listening on /127.0.0.1:34743.
7、重新開啓一個終端，檢查端口，確認服務是否開啓
[root@amoeba ~]# netstat -ntap | grep 8066
tcp6 0 0 :::8066 :::* LISTEN 98847/java
[root@amoeba ~]#
三、測試MySQL動靜分離
1、關閉客戶端防火牆
[root@client ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //關閉防火牆
[root@client ~]# setenforce 0 //關閉增強性安全功能
[root@client ~]#
2、直接用yum倉庫安裝數據庫
[root@client ~]# yum install mysql -y
..............//省略安裝過程
[root@client ~]#
3、用客戶端通過amoeba服務器，連接數據庫
[root@client ~]# mysql -u amoeba -p123456 -h 192.168.52.135 -P8066
//登錄數據庫，-u指定用戶，-p輸入密碼，-h爲amoeba服務器IP地址，-P跟端口
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1884603565
Server version: 5.1.45-mysql-amoeba-proxy-2.2.0 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> show databases; //查看數據庫
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla |
| master | //之前創建的數據庫
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> use master; //使用數據庫master
Database changed
MySQL [master]> show tables; //查看錶
Empty set (0.00 sec) //數據庫爲空，沒有表
MySQL [master]>
4、分別查看MySQL主服務器和兩個從服務器的master數據庫
MySQL主服務器：master
mysql> show databases; //查看數據庫
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla |
| master |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use master; //使用數據庫master
Database changed
mysql> show tables; //查看錶，爲空
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
MySQL從服務器：slave1
mysql> show databases; //查看數據庫
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla |
| master |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use master; //使用數據庫master
Database changed
mysql> show tables; //查看錶，爲空
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
MySQL從服務器：slave2
mysql> show databases; //查看數據庫
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla |
| master |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use master; //使用數據庫master
Database changed
mysql> show tables; //查看錶，爲空
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
5、在客戶端創建一個表info
MySQL [master]> create table info (
-> id int(4) not null primary key,
-> name varchar(10) not null,
-> score decimal(4,1) not null);
//創建表info
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
MySQL [master]> show tables; //查看錶
+------------------+
| Tables_in_master |
+------------------+
| info | //創建表成功
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [master]>
6、分別查看三臺MySQL服務器的master數據庫的表
MySQL主服務器：master
mysql> show tables; //查看錶
+------------------+
| Tables_in_master |
+------------------+
| info | //表存在
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
MySQL從服務器：slave1
mysql> show tables; //查看錶
+------------------+
| Tables_in_master |
+------------------+
| info | //表存在
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> stop slave; //關閉主從同步
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql>
MySQL從服務器：slave2
mysql> show tables; //查看錶
+------------------+
| Tables_in_master |
+------------------+
| info | //表存在
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> stop slave; //關閉主從同步
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
7、在服務端的info表，添加一條信息
MySQL [master]> insert into info (id,name,score) values (1,'zhangsan',88); //添加信息到info表
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
MySQL [master]> select * from info; //查看info表信息
Empty set (0.00 sec)
//info表的信息爲空，因爲我們做了讀寫分離，數據只寫入到了MySQL主服務器，
數據讀取時在從服務器中讀取的，而我們用關閉了從服務器主從同步服務，
此時從服務器中沒有同步到數據，所以客戶端這邊讀取不到數據。
MySQL [master]>
8、再分別查看，三個MySQL服務器的info表信息
MySQL主服務器：master
mysql> select * from info; //查看info表信息
+----+----------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+----------+-------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 88.0 | //信息寫入成功
+----+----------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
MySQL從服務器：slave1
mysql> select * from info; //查看info表信息
Empty set (0.01 sec) //無數據
mysql> start slave; //開啓主從同步
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
MySQL從服務器：slave2
mysql> select * from info; //查看info表信息
Empty set (0.01 sec) //無數據
mysql> start slave; //開啓主從同步
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
9、再次在服務端查看info表的數據
服務端
MySQL [master]> select * from info; //查看info表數據
+----+----------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+----------+-------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 88.0 | //讀取數據成功，因爲開啓主從同步後，從服務器同步到數據
+----+----------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [master]>
10、分別在兩個MySQL從服務器info表中添加不同數據
MySQL從服務器：slave1
mysql> insert into info (id,name,score) values (2,'lisi',76); //添加數據
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> select * from info; //查看錶數據
+----+----------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+----------+-------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 88.0 |
| 2 | lisi | 76.0 | //添加數據成功
+----+----------+-------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
MySQL從服務器：slave2
mysql> insert into info (id,name,score) values (3,'wangwu',66); //添加數據
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info; //查看錶數據
+----+----------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+----------+-------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 88.0 |
| 3 | wangwu | 66.0 | //數據添加成功
+----+----------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
11、在客戶端多次查看info表數據
服務端
MySQL [master]> select * from info; //查看info表數據
+----+----------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+----------+-------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 88.0 |
| 2 | lisi | 76.0 |
+----+----------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
//從服務器slave1中數據
MySQL [master]> select * from info; //查看info表數據
+----+----------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+----------+-------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 88.0 |
| 3 | wangwu | 66.0 |
+----+----------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//從服務器slave2中數據
MySQL [master]>
//可以看到客戶端讀取數據，是分別從兩臺從服務器中輪詢讀取的
謝謝觀看！
