c++ stl算法

這裏是一些stl常用算法，搭配迭代器、function object、lambda有強大的功能

#include<array>
#include<vector>
#include<deque>
#include<list>
#include<forward_list>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<unordered_set>
#include<unordered_map>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iterator>
#include<functional>
#include<numeric>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;
using namespace placeholders;

template <typename T>
inline void INSERT_ELEMENTS(T& coll,int first,int last){
	for(int i=first;i<=last;++i){
		coll.insert(coll.end(),i);
	}
}

template <typename T>
inline void PRINT_ELEMENTS(const T& coll,const std::string& optcstr=""){
	cout<<optcstr;
	for(auto elem:coll){
		cout<<elem<<' ';
	}
	cout<<endl;
}

template <typename T>
inline void PRINT_MAPPED_ELEMENTS(const T& coll,const string& optcstr=""){
	cout<<optcstr;
	for(auto elem:coll){
		cout<<'['<<elem.first<<','<<elem.second<<"] ";
	}
	cout<<endl;
}
template<typename T>
class AddVal{
	private:
		T theVal;
	public:
		AddVal(const T& v):theVal(v){}
		void operator()(T& elem){
			elem+=theVal;
		}
};
class MeanVal{
private:
	long num,sum;
public:
	MeanVal():num(0),sum(0){}
	void operator()(int elem){
		num++;
		sum+=elem;
	}
	operator double(){
		return static_cast<double>(sum)/static_cast<double>(num);
	}
};
int main(){
	//for_each
//	vector<int>coll;
//	INSERT_ELEMENTS(coll,1,8);
/*	for_each(coll.begin(),coll.end(),[](int elem){cout<<elem<<' ';});
	cout<<endl;
	for_each(coll.begin(),coll.end(),[](int& elem){elem+=10;
	});
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll);
	for_each(coll.begin(),coll.end(),[=](int& elem){elem+=*coll.begin();
	});		
	for_each(coll.begin(),coll.end(),AddVal<int>(10));		*/
//	transform(coll.begin(),coll.end(),coll.begin(),[](int elem){return elem+10;});
//	transform(coll.begin(),coll.end(),coll.begin(),[=](int elem){return *coll.begin()+elem;});
//	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll);
//	double mv=for_each(coll.begin(),coll.end(),MeanVal());
//	cout<<"mean val: "<<mv<<endl;
	//count
/*	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll);
	auto num = count(coll.begin(),coll.end(),4);
	cout<<"number of elements equal to 4: "<<num<<endl;
	num=count_if(coll.begin(),coll.end(),[](int elem){return elem%2==0;
	});
	cout<<"number of elements with even value: "<<num<<endl;
	num = count_if(coll.begin(),coll.end(),[](int elem){return elem>4;
	});
	cout<<"number of elements greater than 4: "<<num<<endl;		*/
	//find
/*	list<int>coll;
	INSERT_ELEMENTS(coll,1,9);
	INSERT_ELEMENTS(coll,1,9);
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll,"coll: ");
	auto pos1=find(coll.begin(),coll.end(),4);
	decltype(pos1)pos2;
	if(pos1!=coll.end())
		 pos2=find(++pos1,coll.end(),4);
	if(pos1!=coll.end()&&pos2!=coll.end()){
		copy(--pos1,++pos2,ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
		cout<<endl;
	}		
	vector<int>coll;
	INSERT_ELEMENTS(coll,1,9);
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll,"coll: ");
	auto pos=find_if(coll.begin(),coll.end(),bind(greater<int>(),_1,3));
	cout<<"the "<<distance(coll.begin(),pos)+1<<".element is the first greater than 3"<<endl;
	pos=find_if(coll.begin(),coll.end(),[](int elem){
	return elem%3==0;});
	cout<<"the "<<distance(coll.begin(),pos)+1<<".ele is the first divisible by 3"<<endl;
	pos=find_if_not(coll.begin(),coll.end(),bind(less<int>(),_1,5));
	cout<<"the first value >= 5:"<<*pos<<endl;		
	//copy
	vector<string>coll1={"hello","this","is","an","sample"};
	list<string>coll2;
	copy(coll1.begin(),coll1.end(),back_inserter(coll2));
	copy(coll2.begin(),coll2.end(),ostream_iterator<string>(cout," "));
	cout<<endl;
	copy(coll1.begin(),coll1.end(),coll2.begin());
	copy(coll2.begin(),coll2.end(),ostream_iterator<string>(cout," "));
	cout<<endl;
	copy(istream_iterator<string>(cin),istream_iterator<string>(),ostream_iterator<string>(cout," "));
	cout<<endl;		
	//transform
	vector<int>coll1;
	list<int>coll2;
	INSERT_ELEMENTS(coll1,1,9);
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll1,"coll:	");
//	transform(coll1.begin(),coll1.end(),coll1.begin(),negate<int>());
	transform(coll1.begin(),coll1.end(),coll1.begin(),coll1.begin(),multiplies<int>());
//	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll1,"negated: ");
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll1,"squared: ");
//	transform(coll1.begin(),coll1.end(),back_inserter(coll2),bind(multiplies<int>(),_1,10));
	transform(coll1.begin(),coll1.end(),coll1.rbegin(),back_inserter(coll2),plus<int>());
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll2,"coll2: ");
	cout<<"diff:	";
//	transform(coll2.rbegin(),coll2.rend(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "),[](int elem){return -elem;
//	});
	transform(coll1.begin(),coll1.end(),coll2.begin(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "),minus<int>());
	cout<<endl;		
	//fill
	fill_n(ostream_iterator<float>(cout," "),10,7.7);
	cout<<endl;
	list<string>coll;
	fill_n(back_inserter(coll),9,"hi");
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll,"coll: ");
	fill(coll.begin(),coll.end(),"again");
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll,"coll: ");
	fill_n(coll.begin(),coll.size()-2,"hello");
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll,"coll: ");
	list<string>::iterator pos1,pos2;
	pos1=coll.begin();
	pos2=coll.end();
	fill(++pos1,--pos2,"hmmm");
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll,"coll: ");	
	//generate
	list<int>coll;
	generate_n(back_inserter(coll),5,rand);
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll);
	generate(coll.begin(),coll.end(),rand);
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll);			
	//replace
	list<int>coll;
	INSERT_ELEMENTS(coll,2,6);
	INSERT_ELEMENTS(coll,4,9);
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll,"coll:	");
	//replace(coll.begin(),coll.end(),6,42);
	replace_copy(coll.begin(),coll.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "),5,55);
	cout<<endl;
	replace_copy_if(coll.begin(),coll.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "),bind(less<int>(),_1,5),42);
	cout<<endl;
	replace_copy_if(coll.begin(),coll.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "),[](int elem){return elem%2==1;
	},0);
	cout<<endl;
//	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll,"coll:	");
//	replace_if(coll.begin(),coll.end(),[](int elem){return elem<5;
//	},0);
//	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll,"coll:	");		
	//remove
	vector<int>coll;
	INSERT_ELEMENTS(coll,2,6);
	INSERT_ELEMENTS(coll,4,9);
	INSERT_ELEMENTS(coll,1,7);
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll,"coll:	");
	vector<int>::iterator pos;
	pos=remove(coll.begin(),coll.end(),5);
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll,"size not chang:	");
	coll.erase(pos,coll.end());
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll,"size chang:	");
	coll.erase(remove_if(coll.begin(),coll.end(),[](int elem){return elem<4;
	}),coll.end());
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll,"<4 removeed:	");		*/
	list<int>coll;
	INSERT_ELEMENTS(coll,1,6);
	INSERT_ELEMENTS(coll,1,9);
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll);
	remove_copy(coll.begin(),coll.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "),3);
	cout<<endl;
	remove_copy_if(coll.begin(),coll.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "),[](int elem){
		return elem>4;});
	cout<<endl;
	multiset<int>coll2;
	remove_copy_if(coll.begin(),coll.end(),inserter(coll2,coll2.end()),bind(less<int>(),_1,4));
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll2);	
	return 0;
}