Android中网络通信的几种方式

Android网络编程分为两种:基于http协议的,和基于socket的。
基于Http协议:HttpClient、HttpURLConnection、AsyncHttpClient框架等
基于Socket:
(1)针对TCP/IP的Socket、ServerSocket
(2)针对UDP/IP的DatagramSocket、DatagramPackage
(3)Apache Mina框架

一、HttpURLConnection的实现方式
String response = null;
Url url = new URL(path);
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); // 新建连接实例
connection.setConnectTimeout(20000);// 设置连接超时时间,单位毫秒
//connection.setReadTimeout(20000);// 设置读取数据超时时间,单位毫秒
connection.setDoInput(true);// 是否打开输入流 true|false
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");// 提交方法POST|GET
//connection.setUseCaches(false);// 是否缓存true|false
//connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
//connection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
//connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
//connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length));
//connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
connection.connect();// 打开连接端口
int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();
BufferedReader reader = null;
if (responseCode == 200) {
	reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), "utf-8"));
	StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
	String line = "";
	while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
		buffer.append(line);
	}
	response = buffer.toString();
} else {
	response = "返回码:"+responseCode;
}
reader.close();
conn.disconnect();
二、HttpClient实现方式
HttpResponse mHttpResponse = null;
HttpEntity mHttpEntity = null;
//创建HttpPost对象
//HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(path);
//设置httpPost请求参数
//httppost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params,HTTP.UTF_8));
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(path);   
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
InputStream inputStream = null;
BufferedReader bufReader = null;
String result = "";
// 发送请求并获得响应对象
mHttpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);//如果是“POST”方式就传httppost	
if (mHttpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
	// 获得响应的消息实体
	mHttpEntity = mHttpResponse.getEntity();
	// 获取一个输入流
	inputStream = mHttpEntity.getContent();
	bufReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));	
	String line = "";
	while (null != (line = bufReader.readLine())) {
		result += line;
	}
	//result = EntityUtils.toString(mHttpResponse.getEntity());
} 
if (inputStream != null) {
	inputStream.close();
}
bufReader.close();
if (httpClient != null) {
	httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
三、实用AsyncHttpClient框架的实现方式:
AsyncHttpClient client = new AsyncHttpClient();  
client.get(url, new AsyncHttpResponseHandler() {  
	@Override  
	public void onSuccess(int i, Header[] headers, byte[] bytes) {  			
		String response = new String(bytes, 0, bytes.length, "UTF-8");  				   
	}  
	@Override  
	public void onFailure(int i, Header[] headers, byte[] bytes, Throwable throwable) {  

	}  
}); 
四、使用WebView视图组件显示网页。
myWebView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);  
myWebView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() {  
	@Override  
	public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url) {  
		view.loadUrl(url);  
		return true;  
	}  
});  
myWebView.loadUrl("http://"+networkAddress);  

小提示:

对于HttpClient和HttpURLConnection我们该怎么选择呢?

在Android 2.2版本之前,由于HttpClient有较少的bug,因此我们选择它来使用。然而在Android 2.3版本及以后,HttpURLConnection则是最佳的选择。HttpUrlConnection对大部分工作进行了包装,屏蔽了不需要的细节,体积较小,因而非常适用于Android项目。并且HttpUrlConnection直接在系统层面做了缓存策略处理,可以加快重复请求的速度。由于其压缩(GZip)和缓存机制可以有效地减少网络访问的流量,在提升速度和省电方面也起到了较大的作用。对于新的应用程序应该更加偏向于使用HttpURLConnection,因为在后续Google官方会将更多的时间放在优化HttpURLConnection上面。

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