一．高頻詞組句型
Ⅰ. The singer Michael Jackson’s story, although unusually brutal and extreme, is illumination when considering musical prodigy.(2013. 06 閱讀 Text1)
【翻譯】當想到音樂天才的時候，歌手邁克爾·傑克遜的故事給我們帶來了啓示，雖然他的故事非常地殘忍、極端。
【詞彙】1. brutal a. 殘忍的，野蠻的
例：Murder is a brutal crime.
謀殺是一種殘暴的犯罪行爲。
2. illumination n. 闡明，解釋;照明;啓發
例：I got great illumination from what he said.
我從他說的話裏得到很多啓發。
3. prodigy n. 天才，奇蹟
例：She is a child prodigy.
她是個神童。
Ⅱ. Accounts suggest that he was subjected to cruel beatings and emotional torture ,and that he was humiliated constantly by his father. What sets Jackson’s family apart is that his father used his reign of terror to train his children as musicians and dancers. (2013. 06 閱讀 Text1)
【翻譯】有報道稱他曾遭受毒打和精神上的折磨，經常被其父羞辱。傑克遜家庭破裂就是因爲他的父親用他的恐怖統治來訓練他的孩子們成爲音樂家和舞者。
【詞彙】1. subject v. 使遭受
例：She was subjected to four years of beatings and abuse by her husband.
她受了他丈夫四年的毒打和咒罵。
2. torture n. 折磨，拷問
例：He was threatened with torture.
他受到了嚴刑威脅。
3. humiliate v. 使丟臉，蒙羞
例：I don’t want to humiliate him in front of his partner.
我不想在他搭檔面前令他難堪。
4. reign n. 統治
例：It happened in the reign of ElizabethⅠ.
這件事發生在伊麗莎白女王一世的統治時期。
Ⅲ. Is the lingering shadow of the global financial crisis making it harder to accept extravagant indulgences? (2013. 06 閱讀 Text2)
【翻譯】是不是全球金融危機揮之不去的陰影使奢侈的放縱更難讓人接受?
【詞彙】1. lingering a. 拖延的，逗留不去的
例：The old man is suffering from lingering illness.
這位老人正受着常年病痛的折磨。
2. extravagant a.
過度的，奢侈的
例：Don’t be so extravagant, and use your money more wisely.
不要這麼奢侈，錢要花在刀口上。
3. indulgence n. 沉溺，放縱
例：to lead a life of indulgence 過着放縱的生活
Ⅰ. After the personal-savings rate dipped to zero in 2005, the shock of the economic crisis last year prompted people to snap shut their wallets.(2012. 12 閱讀 Text3)
【翻譯】2005年個人存款率跌至0之後，去年的經濟危機帶來的動盪促使人們緊閉他們的錢包。
【詞彙】1. dip v. 下沉;浸，蘸
例：The coin has dipped into the river.
硬幣已經沉到河裏了。
2. prompt v. 促使，引起，推動
例：It is the science and technology that has prompted the development of economy.
是科學技術推動了經濟的發展。
3. snap shut v. 啪地關上，此處的snap是啪的一聲的意思，來修飾shut，表達一種快的意思。
例：The box shut with a snap.
盒子啪地一下合上了。
Ⅱ. And there is, to date, only the flimsiest of publicly-funded health care and pension systems, which increases incentives for individuals to save while they are working. (2012. 12 閱讀 Text3)
【翻譯】到今天爲止，只有最脆弱的由公立資助的醫療保障制度和退休金制度，這更加刺激了個人在工作時就進行儲蓄。
【詞彙】1. flimsy a. 薄弱的，易壞的
例：This is a flimsy cardboard box.
這是一個脆弱的紙板箱。
2. pension n. 退休金，養老金，撫卹金
例：The country provides pension to senior citizens.
該國給老年人提供養老金。
3. incentive n. 刺激，鼓勵
例：Poverty is an incentive for him to work hard.
貧窮是刺激他努力工作的因素。
Ⅲ. But China is a society that has long esteemed personal financial prudence. (2012.12 閱讀 Text3)
【翻譯】但中國是一個長久以來都奉行個人金錢要謹慎使用原則的社會。
【詞彙】1. esteem v. 尊敬，認爲
例：We esteem him for his courage.
我們尊敬他的勇氣。
2. prudence n. 謹慎，考慮，節儉
例：She always acts with prudence.
她總是行事謹慎。
Ⅰ. From self-service checkout lines at the supermarket to industrial robots armed with saws and taught to carve up animal bodies in slaughter-houses, these ever-more-intelligent machines are now not just assisting workers but actually kicking them out of their jobs.(2012. 12 閱讀 Text2)
【翻譯】從超市裏自助服務的結賬臺到配備鋸子的工業機器人在屠宰室裏被教會切分動物肉塊，這些越來越智能的機器人現在不是在協助工人，而是在搶他們的飯碗。
【詞彙】1. arm v. 配備，裝備
例：The soldiers are armed with the most advanced weapons.
戰士們都配備了最先進的武器。
2. carve v. 切，切碎
例：He carved several pieces of chicken for me.
他幫我切了幾塊雞肉。
3. slaughter n. 屠殺
例：the slaughter of innocent people 對無辜百姓的屠殺
Ⅱ. U.S. gross domestic product has climbed back to pre-recession levels, meaning we’re producing as much as before, only with 6% fewer workers.(2012. 12 閱讀 Text2)
【詞彙】美國國內生產總值已經攀升到了蕭條前的水平，這意味着我們現在憑藉減少了6%的勞動力生產着同樣多的東西。
【詞彙】1. gross a.總的
例：The gross weight of this box of candy is 400 grams.
這盒糖的總重量爲400克。
2. domestic a. 家庭的，國內的
例：Our products sell well in domestic market.
我們的產品在國內市場賣得很好。
此處的gross domestic product即我們日常所說的GDP，國內生產總值。
Ⅲ. To be sure, robotics is not the only job killers out there, with outsourcing stealing far more jobs than automation.(2012. 12 閱讀 Text2)
【翻譯】肯定的是，機器人學不是在外的唯一的工作“殺手”，外包竊取了比自動化更多的工作。
【詞彙】1. robotics n. 機器人學，機器人技術
例：Robotics is the science of designing and building robots.
機器人學就是設計並製造機器人的學科。
2. outsourcing n. 外包，外部採辦
例：Some companies are unhappy with outsourcing.
有些公司對外包不太滿意。
3. automation n. 自動化(技術)
例：Automation means the loss of factory jobs.
自動化意味着很多工人要失業。
Ⅰ. A key process in interpersonal interaction is that of social comparison, in that we evaluate ourselves in terms of how we compare to others.(2012. 12 閱讀 Text1)
【翻譯】人際互動的關鍵過程是社會對照的過程。因爲我們會通過將自己比作他人的方式來評估我們自己。
【詞彙】1. interpersonal a. 人際的，人與人之間的
例：Interpersonal skills are important in business.
人際交往技巧在商業中十分重要。
2. interaction n. 合作，相互影響，互動
例：The teachers and students need interaction from time to time.
師生之間需要不時的互動。
3. comparison n. 比較，相似
例：I don't want to make comparison.
我不想做比較。
4. evaluate v. 評估，評價
例：Your responsibility is to evaluate his work.
你的責任就是評估他的工作。
【語法】compare A with B 將A和B作比較;compare A to B 將A比作B
Ⅱ. First, we decide whether we are superior or inferior to others on certain dimensions, such as attractiveness, intelligence, popularity, etc.(2012. 12 閱讀 Text1)
【翻譯】首先，我們會在某些範圍內，比如吸引力、才智、受歡迎程度等等來比較決定我們是勝過別人，還是不如別人。
【詞彙】1. superior a. 上等的，優秀的
例：He is superior to me in English.
他在英語方面勝過我。
2. inferior a. 次等的，下級的
例：I’m inferior to him in English.
我在英語方面不如他。
由此可見，上面兩個單詞是反義詞，可以組合記憶。
3. dimension n.尺寸，規模，範圍
例：They have bought a house of generous dimensions.
他們買了一間空間寬敞的房子。
4. intelligence n. 智力, 情報
例：She is absolutely a girl of high intelligence.
她絕對是一個非常聰明的人。
Ⅲ. At certain stages of life, especially adolescence, the pressure to be seen as similar to peers is immense.(2012. 12 閱讀 Text1)
【翻譯】在生命的某些時期，特別是青春期的時候，要看起來和同齡人相似的壓力是很大。
【詞彙】1. adolescence n. 青春期
例：They are still in their adolescence. 他
們還在青春期。
2. immense a. 巨大的
例：His devotion to his country has been immense.
他對他的祖國做出了巨大的貢獻。
Ⅰ. Now the question must be reversed. What can the West’s overly indebted and sluggish nations learn from a flourishing Asia? (2012. 06 閱讀 Text3)
【翻譯】現在問題反過來了。鉅額負債的、經濟發展緩慢的西方國家能從繁榮的亞洲學到點什麼?
【詞彙】1. reverse v. 反轉，顛倒，掉換
例：The government must take action to reverse the economic decline.
政府必須採取行動扭轉經濟頹勢。
2. indebted a. 負債的，受惠的
例：The company is heavily indebted to the bank.
這家公司欠了銀行很多債。
3. sluggish a. 經濟發展緩慢的，遲鈍的
例：The recovery of economy remains sluggish.
經濟恢復很遲緩。
4. flourishing a. 繁榮的
例：Our village quickly became a flourishing town.
我們的村莊很快就變成了一個繁榮的小鎮。
Ⅱ. In the same way, a significant reduction of wasteful agricultural subsidies could also lower the deficit.(2012. 06 閱讀 Text3)
【翻譯】同樣地，大幅減少浪費的農業補貼也可以減少虧空。
【詞彙】1. wasteful a.浪費的，奢侈的
例：You should get rid of your wasteful habits.
你要改掉你浪費的壞習慣。
2. agricultural a. 農業的
例：agricultural commodities 農產品
3. subsidy n.補貼，津貼
例：the unemployment subsidy 失業補貼
4. deficit n.赤字，虧空，逆差
例：trade deficit 貿易赤字
Ⅲ. Meanwhile, Europe has fallen prey to a different ideological trap: the belief that European governments would always have infinite resources and could continue borrowing as if there were no tomorrow.(2012. 06 閱讀 Text3)
【翻譯】同時，歐洲也成爲了另一個思想陷阱的受害者，那個陷阱就是認爲歐洲政府將一直擁有無限的資源，可以像沒有明天那樣繼續無節制地借用。
【詞彙】1. meanwhile adv. 同時
例：I was watching a film, and meanwhile Jenny was writing an E-mail.
我在看電影，與此同時Jenny在寫電子郵件。
2. prey n. 被捕食的動物，受害者
例：fall prey to 成爲……的犧牲品，受……之害
3. ideological a. 思想上的，意識形態的
例：the ideological and political education 思想政治教育
4. infinite a.無窮的，極大的
例：Teaching kids requires infinite patience.
教小孩子需要極大的耐心。
Ⅰ. That's partially because it appears people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and exert more effort, to achieve those goals.(2012. 06 閱讀 Text2)
【翻譯】這一部分是因爲設定實際一點的目標的人爲了達到那些目標，實際上行事更有效率，付出的努力更多。
【詞彙】1. partially adv. 部分地
例：The driver was partially to blame for the accident.
那個司機只對這場事故負部分責任。
2. efficiently adv. 高效地
例：It’s hard to work efficiently in such terrible environment.
在這麼差的環境裏無法高效地工作。
3. exert v.運用，發揮，努力，盡力
例：Don’t exert yourself unnecessarily.
不要做無謂的努力。
Ⅱ. And yet, the same motivation that can push people to exert more effort in a constructive way could also motivate people to be more likely to engage in unethical behaviors. (2012. 06 閱讀 Text2)
【翻譯】然而，能積極地推動人們更加努力的動機同樣也更有可能會促使人們做出一些不道德的行爲。
【詞彙】1. motivation n. 動機，刺激，推動力
例：Money is their chief motivation.
金錢是他們的主要推動力。
2. motivate v. 刺激，激發(興趣或慾望)，推動
例：What motivated you to do such a thing?
是什麼激發你做了這件事?
3. constructive a. 建設性的，積極的
例：We welcome constructive suggestions.
我們歡迎有建設性的建議。
4. unethical a. 不道德的
例：Some people believe it is unethical to test a drug on animals.
有些人認爲在動物身上測試藥物是不道德的。
Ⅲ. A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues cite is the 2004 collapse of energy-trading giant Enron, where managers used financial incentives to motivate salesmen to meet specific revenue goals. (2012. 06 閱讀 Text2)
【翻譯】施韋澤和他的同事引用的一個重要例子，那就是2004年能源巨頭安然公司的垮臺。 他們的經理曾經用財務獎勵來刺激銷售員來達到具體的收益目標。
1. colleague n. 同事;同僚
例：He is a colleague of mine.
他是我的一個同事。
2. collapse n. 崩潰， 瓦解，垮臺
例：The floods caused the collapse of the bridge.
洪水造成了大橋的垮塌。
3. incentive n. 刺激，鼓勵
例：Poverty is an incentive for him to work hard.
貧窮是刺激他努力工作的因素。
4. revenue n. 收益，稅收，收入
例：Rent is a kind of revenue.
房租是一種收入。
Ⅰ. But while much of the research and innovation has concentrated on finding less-polluting energy alternatives, it may be decades before clean technologies like wind and solar meet a significant portion of our energy needs.(2012. 06 閱讀 Text1)
【翻譯】雖然現在調查和創新主要集中在尋找污染少的其他能源上，但是等到像風能、太陽能這樣的清潔能源能滿足我們大部分的能源需求可能仍需數十年。
【詞彙】1. innovation n. 創新
例：Innovation is vital in modern society.
創新在現代社會十分重要。
2. alternative n. 二者擇一，供替代的選擇
例：I had no alternative but to leave this country.
我除了離開這個國家之外，別無選擇。
3. solar a. 太陽的，太陽能的
例：solar cell 太陽能電池
4. portion n.(總體的)部分
例：A large portion of the building was destroyed in the fire.
房屋的大部分在火災中被燒燬。
Ⅱ. Some propose storing the CO2 in coal mines or liquid storage in the ocean, Shell favors storing CO2 in deep geological structures such as saline formations and exhausted oil and gas fields that exist throughout the world. (2012. 06 閱讀 Text1)
【翻譯】有些建議將二氧化碳儲存在煤礦裏，或者以液態形式儲存在海里，殼牌傾向於將二氧化碳儲存在地質結構的深處，比如在世界各地存在的含鹽結構或者已經被耗盡石油或者天然氣的油田，氣田。
【詞彙】1. storage n. 保管;貯藏
例：Caves were used for storage.
洞穴過去被用來儲存東西。
2. geological a. 地質學的
例：She is interested in geological study.
她對地質研究很感興趣。
3. saline a. 鹽的，鹹的
例：There is a saline lake behind this mountain.
這座山的後面有一個鹽湖。
4. formation n. 隊形，構造
例：Family life has an important impact on the formation of children’s characters.
家庭生活對孩子性格的形成具有重要影響。
5. exhausted a. 耗盡的，精疲力竭的
例：My patience is exhausted.
我的耐心已經用盡。
Ⅰ. When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transform the performance of UK universities.(2011. 12 閱讀 Text3)
【翻譯】從國家的角度來看，過去十年的政策干預的確幫助轉變了英國大學的表現。
【詞彙】1. intervention n. 介入，干預
例：His intervention annoyed his partner.
他的介入惹惱了他的搭檔。
2. decade n. 十年
例：Several decades has passed since I graduated from university.
我大學畢業已經數十年了。
3. transform v. 轉變，轉換
例：He successfully transformed his plan into reality.
他成功地將他的計劃轉變成了現實。
Ⅱ. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. (2011. 12 閱讀 Text3)
【翻譯】這些學校也是培養出最多博士畢業生、寫出最多科學引文，創造最豐厚專利許可證收入的機構。
【詞彙】1. citation n. 引文，表揚
例：Some dictionary writers use citation to explain the meaning of the word.
有些詞典編撰者用引文來解釋詞義。
2. patent n. 專利(權)，特許
例：He has got a patent for his invention.
他的發明獲得了專利權。
3. license n. 執照，許可證
例：His license was suspended for six months.
他的駕照被吊銷半年。
Ⅲ. If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle. (2011.12 閱讀 Text3)
【翻譯】如果地區內的技術轉移部能更好地協作配合，同時擴大研究生院的規模，增加其功能，那麼大學就可以、也應該在英國下一輪發展週期的定位中扮演主要角色。
【詞彙】1. coordination n. 協作，配合
例：We have improved the coordination of the two departments.
我們已經加強了這兩個部門間的協作關係。
2. transfer v. 轉移，遷移
例：Our company will transfer from Shanghai to Beijing.
我們的公司將從上海遷往北京。
3. simultaneous a. 同時的，同時發生的
例：There were several simultaneous celebrations in this area.
本區有幾個慶祝活動同時舉行。
4. scale n. 規模，刻度，等級
例：The electronic industry is developing on a large scale.
電子行業正在大規模發展。
5. function n. 功能
例：What’s the function of this committee?
這個委員會的功能是什麼?
6. cycle n. 週期，循環
例：the life cycle of the plant 植物的生命週期
Ⅰ. It might be tempting, therefore, to think that the old barriers have been broken down and equal opportunity achieved.(2011. 06 閱讀 Text3)
【翻譯】所以“舊的障礙已經消除了，能做到機會均等了”這樣的想法似乎很吸引人。
【詞彙】1. tempting a. 誘人的，吸引人的
例：I turned down their tempting offer.
我拒絕了他們誘人的邀約。
2. barrier n. 柵欄，障礙物
例：The barriers kept them from moving on.
障礙物使得他們無法繼續前進。
3. opportunity n. 機會，時機
例：He grasped this rare opportunity.
他抓住了這次良機。
Ⅱ. At the moment candidates are selected on a fairly narrow set of criteria such as prior academic and career performance, and analytical and problem solving abilities. (2011.06 閱讀 Text3)
【翻譯】現在，候選人是根據一套相當有侷限性的準則來選出的，比如先前的學習成績和職業表現，分析能力和解決問題的能力等。
【詞彙】1. candidate n. 候選人
例：She was nominated as candidate for the Best Actress.
她被提名爲最佳女演員的候選人。
2. criteria n. 標準，準則;criterion的複數形式;
例：The new criteria should be made known to all staff.
新標準應該讓所有職員都清楚知道。
3. prior a. 在……之前的，優先的
例：She claimed that she had no prior knowledge of the strike.
她聲稱她事前對於罷工並不知情。
4. analytical a. 分析的
例：He lacks analytical ability.
他缺乏分析能力。
Ⅲ. But schools rarely dig down to find out what really makes an applicant succeed, to create a class which also contains diversity of attitude and approach – arguably the only diversity that, in a business context, really matters. (2011.06 閱讀 Text3)
【翻譯】但是學校很少深挖下去找出到底是什麼真正使得一個申請人成功。創建一門也涵蓋態度和方法差異的課程纔是真正重要的。而這一差異可以說是商務中唯一的差異。
【詞彙】1. applicant n. 申請人
apply (v.申請，應用)——application(n.)——applicant(n.)——applicable(a.可用的)
2. diversity n. 多樣性，差異
例：the cultural diversity of American society 美國社會的文化多樣性
3. approach n. 途徑，方法
例：I think it is the best approach to solve this problem.
我認爲這是解決這個問題的最佳方法。
4. arguably adv. 雄辯地，可論證地
例：He is arguably the best actor of this century.
他可以稱得上是本世紀最棒的演員。
Ⅰ. At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? (2011. 06 閱讀 Text2)
【翻譯】非法移民問題的爭論核心是一個重要的問題：移民是否對經濟有利?
【詞彙】1. debate n. 辯論，爭論，討論
例：After a long debate, they reached an agreement.
經過長時間的討論，他們達成了一致。
2. immigration n. 移居，移民
例：Immigration to America has slowed.
移民美國的速度有所減緩。
3. immigrant n. 移民，僑民
例：There are many Chinese immigrants in America.
美國有許多中國移民。
【語法】此處出現了全部倒裝，具體可點擊超鏈接瞭解。
Ⅱ. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality? (2011.06 閱讀 Text2)
【翻譯】那麼爲什麼關於移民對經濟的影響的看法與現實有那麼多的差異?
【詞彙】1. discrepancy n. 差異，分歧，不一致
例：There is a discrepancy in the two reports.
這兩個報告裏有一個不一致的地方。
2. perception n. 感知，認識，看法，洞察力
例：He is interested in my perception of this matter.
他對我對此事的看法很感興趣。
3. impact n. 影響力，衝擊力
例：The earthquake had a disastrous impact on the people in that area.
地震對該地區的人民造成了災難性的影響。
Ⅲ. Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal burden of immigration. (2011.06 閱讀 Text2)
【翻譯】然而，在那些移民數量大，社會福利制度好的國家，有高技能、接受過更好教育的僱員中反對聲最高。換句話說，他們最擔心的是移民帶來的財政負擔。
【詞彙】1. opposition n. 反對，敵對
例：Opposition to immigration is growing.
對移民的反對日漸增長。
2. generous a. 慷慨的，豐厚的
例：She is always generous to other people.
她對他人總是很慷慨。
3. relatively a. 相對地，相較而言
例：The machine is relatively new.
這個機器相對較新。
4. fiscal a. 財政的，國庫的
例：The government is going to carry out a new fiscal policy this year.
政府今年將要實行一項新的財政政策。
二．部分重要短語
be of little value 沒什麼價值
cure sb.of 治好某人…
pull back 撤退
step into 插入，干涉
adapt for 調整(以適應目標或需要)
a close(narrow) shave 僥倖的脫險
above all 首先，尤其是
after all 終究，畢竟，究竟
at all [用於否定句]絲毫，一點
ever since 從那時起，自那時以來
ever so 非常，極其
or so 大約，左右
every other 每隔一個的
other than 不同於，非;除了
over and over (again) 一再地，再三地
all right 好，行;令人滿意的，不錯的;(健康)良好的，安然無恙的
such...that 那樣的...以致
that is(=i.e.) 就是說，即
as though 好像，彷彿
up to 勝任...的，適於...的;密謀...的;是...義不容辭的，是...的職責;取決於...的，須由...決定的;(時間上)一直到;(數目上)一直到，多達
what about [徵求意見時用]...怎麼樣
三．重要句型
1.以單個修飾語作爲句子的開頭。
這個修飾語可以是形容詞、分詞或副詞。
Young and ambitious,JieYu works hard to teach Englsih.
Secretly, the girl entered the room.
With a book in her hands, Fang Meng talked to a foreigner.
Exhausted, the students reached the top of the mountain.
2.以同位語作爲句子的開頭。
The most popular teacher in Neworiental, Ma Zihui, will attend the party.
3.以短語修飾語作爲句子的開頭。
短語修飾語可以是介詞短語、不定式短語、分詞短語以及獨立主格結構。
In front of me stood a beautiful girl.
To pass the exam, the students worked hard.
Confused about the problem, he went to ask for his teacher.
Your homework finished, you may go home.
4.用從句作爲句子的開始。
If I am free, I will attend your lecture.
Whenever one goes, whatever one does, one needs money.
5.英語小作文開頭常用短語句式
(1) With the (rapidly) growing popularity of (computers/private cars) in China, the quality of our lives has been considerably changed.
(2) With the (rapid) growth of (our economy/population), many problems such as (water shortages/waste of energy/lack of professionals and chaotic management) are beginng to surface
(3) With the development of (science and technology/market economy), more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that ...
(4) Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over (illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures).
(5) Nowadays, a heated debated/discussion about...is under way in China .some people believe that ..., whereas others argue that...
(6) There are some reasons for owning (private cars/ personal computers). To begin with,... Next,... Last, ... There are, on the oher hand, many reasons against it. First, ... Second,... Finally,...
(7) There are many advantanges and disadvantages in (owning a car).
(8) There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something
(9) Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons. The first reason is that ... The second reason is that ... /On the one hand , ... On the other hand. ...
(10) The possible solutions of (the enery crisis/water shortanges/these social problems) depend on three factors...
(11) The tow major reasons responsible for (the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products ) are...
四．必會詞組
2013年12月大學英語六級考試必會詞組（1）
account for
說明…的原因，是…的原因
accuse…of…控告;譴責
allow for
考慮到，顧及，爲…留出預地
appeal to
訴諸，訴請裁決(或證實等)
bring about
導致，引起
call off
取消
care for
照顧，照料;喜歡
check in (在旅館、機場等)登記，報到
check out
結帳後離開，辦妥手續離去
come up with
提出，提供，想出
count on/upon
依靠，指望
count up
共計，算出…的總數
draw up
起草，擬訂;(使)停住
fall back on
藉助於，依靠
get at
夠得着，觸及;意思是，意指;查明，發現;指責
go in for
從事，參加;愛好
hang on to
緊緊抓住;保留(某物)
turn out
製造，生產;結果是;驅逐;關掉，旋熄
take over
接受，接管;借用，承襲
take in
接受，吸收，接納;理解，領會;欺騙;包括
stick out (把…)堅持到底;突出，顯眼
stick to
堅持，忠於，信守;緊跟，緊隨;粘貼在…上
2013年12月大學英語六級考試必會詞組（2）
in addition to(=as well as)除…外
in advance
預告，事先。
take advantage of (=make the best of, make use of)利用。
in the air不肯定，在謠傳中。
appeal to sb. for sth.
爲某事向某人呼籲. appeal to sb.
對某人有吸引力
approve of贊成 in favour of
贊成
assure sb. of sth向…保證，使…確信
make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth。)
試圖做…
attend to侍候，照料
attribute…to把.。歸因於..
contribute to 有助於 due to
是由於
at one’s back支持，維護
on the basis of
根據…
for the benefit of
爲了…的利益
get the better of (=defeat sb。)
打敗
in blossom開花
in bulk
成批地
center on(=focus on)
把注意力集中在…上
by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然
charge sb. with
…控告某人犯有…
round the clock(晝夜不停地
commit oneself to
致力於
compare…with
…把…與…比較 compare…to…把…比作…
on condition that (if)如果 in the event that
confide in
對…講真心話，
be confronted with
面對，面臨
in connection with與…有關
be conscious of(=be aware of)覺察，知道
consent to同意
under consideration
在考慮中
consist of(=be composed of)由…組成的
contrary to (opposite to)
與…相反
in contrast to/with
和…形成對比
by contrast
對比之下 by comparison
比較起來
at all costs不惜任何代價 . go to any length想一切辦法
by all means不惜一切。
at the cost of
以…爲代價(at the expense of)
to one’s credit使某人感到光榮
be critical of
愛挑毛病的，不滿
out of date過時的;up to date最近的，時興的;
date back to回溯到; date from從
某時期開始
on the decline
在衰退中，在減少中
in demand有需求
deprive sb. of sth.
剝奪某人某物
2013年12月大學英語六級考試必會詞組（3）
set out 陳述，闡明;動身，起程;開始;擺放
set forth
闡明，陳述
set about
開始，着手
put in for
正式申請
refer to…as…把…稱作，把…當作
pay off
還清(債);付清工資解僱(某人);向…行賄;得到好結果，取得成功
make up for
補償，彌補
look over
把…看一遍，把…過目;察看，參觀
look through
詳盡覈查;(從頭至尾)瀏覽
live on
靠…生活，以…爲食物lie in (問題、事情等)在於
lie in (問題、事情等)在於
let go(of)
放開，鬆手
hold out
維持，保持;堅持(要求)，不屈服
hold back
躊躇，退縮;阻止，抑制;隱瞞，保守(祕密等)
abide by，conform to , comply with
遵守
(be) abundant in(be rich in)
富於，富有
of one’s own accord(willingly)自願地
,主動地
in accordance with (according to)
依照，根據 in terms of
根據
take…into account(take into consideration)把..。考慮進去
on no account(=in no case, for no reason)絕不要
adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to)
使自己適應於
2013年12月大學英語六級考試必會詞組（4）
in the interests of
符合…的利益
interfere in干涉 intervene in
干預
be involved in捲入
be jealous of
妒忌
(be) keen on
喜愛，渴望 long for
at large未被捕，詳盡，普遍
lean against (背)靠着…
in the light of考慮到，根據
at the mercy of任…擺佈，在…支配下
make the most of
充分利用
nothing but
只有，不過…而已
take notice of (pay attention)
注意
object to
反對 objection to (接動名詞)
反對
once in a while (=occasionally)
偶爾
originate in/from起源於
on the outskirts (of)
在城郊
keep pace with
跟…並駕齊驅
2013年12月大學英語六級考試必會詞組（5）
deviate from
偏離
fall back (retreat, turn back)
撤退
dispose of (get rid of ,throw away)處理掉
beyond dispute
無可爭議 in dispute
在爭議中
distinguish…from
把…與…區別開
do away with廢除，殺掉
on earth
究竟，在世上
at ease自在
go into effect
生效. come into effect; take effect
開始生效
place(or put, lay) an emphasis on
強調…上
at one’s wit’s
end 智窮計盡
come to and end (finish)
結束
enter for
報名參加
be entitled to有權…,有資格…
be equipped with
裝備有，裝有
in essence
本質上
at all events
無論如何 at any rate
無論如何
in the event of(=in case of)萬一
with the exception of (apart from)
除去….,
除…以外
in excess of超過
exchange…for
以…交換
exert oneself to do sth.
努力
come into existence開始存在
beyond expression無法形容
go to extremes
走極端
in the twinkling of an eye
一眨眼，轉眼間
keep faith with
對…守信用
lose faith in
對…失去信心
2013年12月大學英語六級考試必會詞組（6）
fall into the habit of養成…習慣
in fashion時興，流行
be fed up with
厭煩
set the world on fire非常成功
at first sight乍一看
free of charge
免費
furnish…with (supply)
向…提供
take…for granted
把…認爲理所當然的。
on the ground of (=because of)
以…爲理由
be guilty of有…罪或過失
come to a halt (stop)
停止
head for前往 leave for
到…去
in one’s honour (in honour of)祝賀，紀念on
memory of 爲紀念…
on one’s honour
以某人的名譽擔保
be identical with和…相同
impose…on
把…強加在
impress…on
給…留下印象
inclusive of
把…包括在內
indicative of
表明，說明
be inferior to
比…差 superior to
be innocent of
無罪的
五．作文部分
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: The Post-graduate Craze. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition
on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1、目前很多人報考研究生。
2、我認爲形成這股熱潮的原因是……
The Post-graduate Craze
Each year, millions of college students will sit in for the post-graduate entrance examination. More and more students have regarded the pursuing of a master degree as an indispensable part of their education.
What is to account for their enthusiasm for a post-graduate diploma? First, it is the demand of the time. In an age of knowledge updating and information explosion, what you have learned in college can hardly meet the demand
of society. Talents of high quality who are equipped with the latest knowledge and skill will be needed more than ever. That is why many students will further their studies.
Second, we all recognize that the more education you have, the more likely you are to succeed. Compared with those without a master degree, masters will enjoy more preferential treatment, for example, better salaries, more
opportunities for promotion and training. A post-graduate degree can guarantee a more promising career.
Last but not least, with the graduation of a large number of college students, competition for jobs becomes more and more fierce. One way to gain some advantage over others is to have a higher degree.
No wonder millions of students will consider pursuing a post-graduate degree.
2013年6月大學英語六級考試即將進行，恆星英語網四六級頻道爲您提供2013年6月英語六級作文預測，下面是一段關於流行音樂的六級作文，要求考生對流行音樂是俗是雅進行論述，六級寫作思路及作文模板如下。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: My Idea of Pop Music. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition
on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1、 有人認爲流行音樂不能登大雅之堂。
2、 有人認爲音樂無高低貴賤之分，只有興趣上的差別。
3、 我認爲……
My Idea of Pop Music
Pop music is held I contempt by many people. In these people’s eyes pop music is always in sharp contrast to “lofty music”. The latter refers to symphonies and operas of the European countries. They show great concern
for the fact that many people prefer pop music to symhonies, because for them pop music should be excluded from the holy palace of music.
Conversely, many people have an ordor for pop music. They argue that people who want us to listen to symhonies are advocating a kind of “elite culture”. This notion is unacceptable to pop music fans, for they don’t believe
that symphonies are loftier than pop music. The difference only lies in the interests of different people. It is unfair to speak of pop music with contempt while speaking of symphonies with awe.
In conclusion, my idea is that just as there is no distinction between high culture and low culture, so it is inappropriate to say pop music belongs to the “lower” people whereas symphonies in a higher, loftier form of music. After all, there are many badly-composed
symphonies. And we can’t expect every piece of pop music to be excellent. Pop music reflects the thoughts and interests of a certain age group of a generation. It is the product of a certain age, but it also has something universal, something that belongs
to all human beings, that underlies its great success among people. In this sense it is rather foolish for some peopleof media to show great concern simply because many people prefer pop music. Anyway pop music has become an indispensable part of the human
family.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Turn off Your Cell Phone. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1、手機給我們的生活帶來了便利。
2、但是手機鈴聲也會影響其他人。
3、在某些場合請關掉你的手機。
Turn off Your Cell Phone
With the development of information technology and reduced price of communication products, the mobile phone has become a necessity for most people. Obviously, it shortens the distance between people and makes our life more convenient. Thanks to the cell phone, it’s easy for us to contact or be contacted by others anytime and anywhere. We will never miss any important meetings, great deals or admirable opportunities.
However, have you noticed sometimes the cell phone also brings embarrassment to us? It’s not rare to see someone pressing the cell phone to his ear and shouting loudly in public as if there were no one else present. And I’m sure each one has had such an experience that the cell phone ring continuously on a formal occasion. Perhaps these people have many life-and-death reasons to keep the phone working at all times, but it interrupts people around them who have to hear what they don’t care when they want to concentrate on what they’re doing.
So if you are one of them, please shut off your cell phone in public, especially on a quiet and serious occasion. It’s a respect for both others and yourself.
．現象解釋型模板一
|
Tojpic sentence |
信息提示 |
|
5. Amongthe various reasons,——plays an important role. |
5. 原因之一。 |
|
9. When talking about——，——， |
9. 空格一填作者要討論的現象，空格二填作者的看法。 |
2. 現象解釋型模板二
|
1. We have witnessed —— |
1. 空格內填最近出現的總體現象。 |
|
5. Tobegin with ,——. |
5. 原因之一。 |
|
9. As tome,——， |
9. 空格內填作者對現象的看法。 |
3. 現象解釋型模板三
|
1. ——has been brought into focus. |
1. 空格內填最近出現的總體現象。 |
|
5. Generally speaking ,——. |
5. 承上啓下開始列舉原因 |
|
9. As far as I am concerned,——， |
9. 空格內填作者對現象的看法。 |
Using a computer every day can have more negative than positive effects on young children. Do you agree or disagree?
I tend to agree that young children can be negatively affected by too mcuh time spent on the computer every day. This is partly because
sitting in front of a screen for too long can be damaging to both the eyes and the physical posture of a young child, regardless of what they are using the computer for.
However, the main concern is about the type of computer activities that attract children. These are often electronic games that tend to be very intense and rather violent. The player is usually the ‘hero’ of the
game and too much exposure can encourage children to be self-centered and insensitive to others.
Even when children use a computer for other purposes, such as getting information or emailing friends, it is no substitute for human interaction. Spending time with other children and sharing non-virtual experiences is and important part of a child’s
development that cannot be provided by a computer.
In spite of this, the obvious benefits of computer skills for young children cannot be denied. Their adult world will be changing constantly in terms of technology and the Internet is the key to all the knowledge and information
available in the world today. Therefore it is important that children learn at an early age to use the equipment enthusiastically and with confidence as they will need these skills throughout their studies and working lives.
I think the main point is to make sure that young children do not overuse computers. Parents must ensure that their children learn to enjoy other kinds of activity and not simply sit at home, learning to live in a virtual world.
On Employment
With the increase of the number of graduated college students, the grim employment situation is becoming a hot topic. Why such a phenomenon occurs? Except for some social factors, there are many important affecting factors can be found on the job-hunters themselves.
When a graduate hunts for a job, he has to take the priority issue of a few significant factors into consideration, such as the pay, the specific field, the location and personal hobbies. It is reasonable. However, most of graduates usually combone all these factors toghther. In their opinions, the pay should take the first place, since they have been spending the money of the family all the time, and it’s time to do something as the reward to other family members. Besides, a high pay usually means a relatively high position in the company; the major is the number one element as well, since it would be a big waste of what they have learned in college, if they deviate from it. Meanwhile, they want to chose work which can agree with their interest and preference. Still they offer the pride of place to the location of the job and the nature of the work unit. They believe that big cities like Beijing or Shanghai will provide more opportunities, and a public situation will offer better welfare. Thereby they have to waif for employment, although they have graduated for several months.
For my part, I believe that there is more than one way to Rome, so is the way of job-hunting. The ideal mehhod for being employed is to learn to make intelligent trade-offs.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Social Network Sites. You should write at least 150 words following the
outline given below.
1. 當今社會，社交網站很流行
2. 各人對此看法不同
3. 我的看法
Social Network Sites
Part I Writing
【參考範文一】
Social Network Sites
In recent years, social network sites like Renren and Kaixin have rapidly gained popularity among all kinds of people. Many people spend a lot of time on those sites chatting, making friends and playing games. Those sites
have become a part of their life.
The public hold different views on this phenomenon. Some are in favor of those sites for they provide many opportunities to know other people and to know what’s happening in the world. Besides, they’re very convenient to access. One can use a computer or
cell phone to log on at home, in a restaurant, or even in the subway. But some people don’t approve of the social network sites. They say that people are wasting too much time on the sites. Some even get addicted to them and abandon their real life. After
all, they don’t live in the virtual world.
In my opinion, the social network sites can be very helpful when we want to keep in touch with friends, but we must remember that the real world is the most important in our life.
Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change. Others , however, think that change is always a good thing. Discuss both these views and give your own
opinion.
Over the last half century the pace of change in the life of human beings has increased beyond our wildest expectations. This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs that are changing
the whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis. This means that change is not always a personal option, but an inescapable fact of life, and we need to constantly adapt to keep pace with it.
Those people who believe they have achieved some security by doing the same, familiar things are living in denial. Even when people believe they are resisting change themselves, they cannot stop the world around them from changing. Sooner or later they will
find that the familiar jobs no longer exist, or that the ‘safe’ patterns of behavior are not longer appropriate.
However, reaching the conclusion that change is inevitable is not the same as assuming that ‘change is always for the better.’ Unfortunately, it is not always the case that new things are promoted because
they have good impacts for the majority of people. A lot of innovations are made with the aim of making money for a few. This is because it is the rich and powerful people in our society who are able to impose changes(such as in working conditions or property
developments ) that are in their own interests.
In conclusion, I would say that change can be stimulating and energizing for individuals when they pursue it themselves, but that all change, including that which is imposed on people, does not necessarily have good outcomes.
Some people believe that children should be allowed to stay at home and play until they are six or seven years old. Others believe that it is important for young children to
go to school as soon as possible. What do you think are the advantages of attending school from a young age?
In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven. However, because it is more likely now that both parents work,
there is little opportunity for children to stay in their own home up to that age. Instead, they will probably go to a nursery school when they are much younger.
While some people think this may be damaging to a child’s development, or to a child’s relationship with his or her parents, in fact there are many advantages to having school experience at a young age.
Firstly, a child will learn to interact with a lot of different people and some children learn to communicate very early because of this. They are generally more confident and independent than children who stay at home
with their parents and who are not used to strangers or new situations. Such children find their first day at school at the age of six very frightening and this may have a negative effect on how they learn.
Another advantage of going to school at an early age is that children develop faster socially. They make friends and learn how to get on with other children of a similar age. This is often not possible at home because they
are the only child, or because their brothers or sisters are older or younger.
So overall, I believe that , attending school from a young age is good for most children. They still spend plenty of time at home with their parents, so they can benefit from both environments.
辯論式議論文模版（一）
Some people believe (argue, recognize, think)that
觀點1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that
觀點2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. There are a dozenof reasons behind my belief. First of all,
論據1. More importantly,
論據2. Most important of all,
論據3. In summary, 總結觀點。 As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心。或From above, we can predict that預測。
辯論式議論文模版（二）
People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinionthat
觀點1. While others point out that
觀點2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds moreweight. For one thing,
論據1. For another,
論據2. Last but not the least,
論據3. To conclude, 總結觀點. As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心。或From above, we can predict that預測。
提綱式作文寫作模板
1、對立觀點式
A. 有人認爲X 是好事，贊成X，爲什麼？
B. 有人認爲X 是壞事，反對X，爲什麼？
C. 我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out thefact that 支持X 的第一個原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一個原因。However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider itharmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反對X 的第一個理由。 Anexample can give the details of this argument: There is some truth in botharguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. Inaddition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X alsomay X 的有一個壞處。
2、批駁觀點式
A．一個錯誤觀點。
B．我不同意。
Many people argue that 錯誤觀點。By saying that, they mean 對這個觀點的進一步解釋。An example they have presented is that 一個例子。(According to a surveyperformed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 贊成這個錯誤觀點或者受到這個錯誤觀點的影響)。 There might be some element oftruth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel noreservation to conclude that 與錯誤觀點相反的觀點。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下參照辯論文的議論文寫法)。
3、社會問題(現象)式
A．一個社會問題或者現象
B．產生的原因
C．對社會和我們生活的影響
D．如何杜絕。(如果是問題的話)
E．前景的預測。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serioussocial/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a commonconcern of the public). According to a survey, 調查內容說明這種現象的情況。(或者是一個例子)。 There are a couple of reasonsbooming this problem/phenomenon.下面參照辯論式議論文寫法。 X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life,which has been articulated in the following aspects. 參照辯論式議論文的寫法。 A dozen of measures aresupposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 同上Based on the above discussions, Ican easily forecast that more and more people will……
第一段：說明圖表
開篇句：As the bar chart shows, ____ during the years of ____to____.
擴展句：1、As early as _____.
2、Then _____ years later, ____.
3、And arriving in the year ____, ____.
第二段：解釋圖表變化原因
主題句：Several factors contribute to _____.
擴展句：1、______. (原因1)
2、And ______.(原因2)
3、Furthermore, ______ (原因3)
4、All these result in ____.
第三段：提出解決辦法
結尾句： However, ____ is faced with some problems.
擴展句：1、With _____, ____, the effect of which is notonlydiscouraging, but also challenging.
2、So my principle is to pay due attention to ___, but not justto____.
［DIY寫作模板：填充階段］
第一段：說明圖表
開篇句：As the bar chart shows, the number of people below thepovertyline decreased dramatically during the years of 1978 to1997.
擴展句：1、As early as 1978, about 250 million people were underthepoverty line.
2、Then seven years later, the number became three fifths thatof1978.
3、And arriving in the year 1997, the number was reduced to50millions.
第二段：解釋圖表變化原因
主題句：Several factors contribute to the sharp decrease ofthebelow-poverty population.
擴展句：1、The reform and opening following 1978 enabled thepeasantsto become much better off. (原因1)
2、And with the development of Chinese economy, that policyalsoomproved city dwellers lives greatly.(原因2)
3、Furthermore, the high-tech introduced made it possible forthecountrys economy as a whole to take off. (原因3)
4、All these result in the great fall of the Chinesepopulationbelow the poverty line.
第三段：提出解決辦法
結尾句： However, a further decrease in the number ofpoverty-strickenpeople is faced with some problems.
擴展句：1、With quite few employees being laid off, the effect ofwhichis not only discouraging, but also challenging.
2、So my principle is to pay due attention to the newcomers,butnot just to care for the poor, say , in remote mountainareas.
第三部分、範文
As the bar chart shows, the number of people below thepovertyline decreased dramatically during the years of 1978 to1997.Asearly as 1978, about 250 million people were under thepovertyline.Then seven years later, the number became three fifthsthat of1978.And arriving in the year 1997, the number was reducedto 50millions.
Several factors contribute to the sharp decrease ofthebelow-poverty population. The reform and opening following1978enabled the peasants to become much better off.And withthedevelopment of Chinese economy, that policy also omprovedcitydwellers lives greatly.Furthermore, the high-tech introducedmadeit possible for the countrys economy as a whole to takeoff.Allthese result in the great fall of the Chinese populationbelow thepoverty line.
However, a further decrease in the number ofpoverty-strickenpeople is faced with some problems.With quite fewemployees beinglaid off, the effect of which is not onlydiscouraging, but alsochallenging.So my principle is to pay dueattention to thenewcomers, but not just to care for the poor, say, in remotemountain areas.
說明原因型模塊
These dayswe often hear that
(1) It is common that
(2) Why does such circumstance occurin spite of social protects? For one thing
(3) For another
(4) What is more,since
(5) It's natural that
(6) To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying.We should do something such as
(7) to improve he present situation, and I dobelieve everything will be better in the future.
註釋：
1、提出論題
2、說明現狀
3、理由一
4、理由二
5、理由三
6、理由三引起的後果
1. 模板一
|
1. It is true that——. |
1. 提出普遍存在地觀點。 |
|
5．論證理由一 |
|
|
10. 提出執行該觀點時應注意的事項。 |
2．模板二
|
1. Some people believe that——.
|
1．直接提出本文的觀點。 |
|
5．承上啓下。 |
|
|
10. 總結上下，重申論點。 |
1. 模板一
|
1. With the development/improvement of
——,——. |
1．空格一處鋪墊，空格二處填寫某一問題。 |
|
5．承上啓下，填要解決的問題。 |
|
|
11. 出解決問題的辦法多種多樣。 |
2. 模板二
|
1. There has been a discussionrecently abouot——. |
1．提出現存的問題。 |
|
5．解決辦法一 |
|
|
10. 指出解決問題的辦法多種多樣。 |
3. 模板三(2001年1月)
|
1. I t is certain that——. |
1．提出問題及解決的必要性。 |
|
5．呈上指出解決問題的方法很多。 |
|
|
11. 解決問題的辦法隨具體情況不同而變化根本途徑。 |
1. 模板一
|
1. Different people have different views on—— |
1．開門見山直入主體，表明對某事人們的不同看法。 |
|
5. Ofcourse,——. |
5．承認自己不贊同的看法有一定的合理性。 |
|
9. The main reason is ——. |
9. 支持觀點的理由一。 |
2. 模板二（1999年6月真題）
|
1. There is no complete agreementamong people as to
—— 4. Some people may say —— 8. Personally,I am in favor ofthe—— |
1. 開門見山直入主體，表明對某事人們的不同看法。 |
|
4. 觀點一的理由。 |
|
|
8. 我的看法。 |
3. 模板三
|
1. When asked about ——,differentpeople will offer different opinions. 5. However, others hold——. 8. Weighing up these arguments, Iam for—— 10. For anther,—— |
1. 開門見山直入主體，表明對某事人們的不同看法。 |
|
5．提出觀點二。 |
|
|
8. 我的觀點。 |
六．新東方專家提示：
2013年8月14日全國大學英語四六級考試委員會發布公告稱，自2013年12月起，將對試卷結構和測試題型作局部調整。一語激起千層浪，頃刻間，莫可名狀的恐慌迅速在大學生中間瀰漫，這兩天許多問詢求助的消息郵件自全國各地如雪花般來到，大家的心情實可理解，趁下午的閒暇，趕緊來此小議。個人以爲，本次改革實際並不突然，早在2008年底，機考的改革呼聲已吹遍大江南北，妥於硬件及相關問題的侷限，機考近年來一直未在國內高校完全普及，可是眼下的四六級考試變得越來越像是塊雞肋，考生食之無味，卻又不得不考，憑添給考生的只是應試技巧，各大培訓機構的教師爲了幫助學員不浪費時間，早日通過這個看似重要實則並無太大備戰意義的考試，可謂絞盡腦汁、各顯神通。
所以，對於我這樣一個內心對中國教育有着深切期盼實則只能在平凡的教書崗位上教着書的普通教員來講，每一次改革我都從內心深處感到開心與喜悅。
考試的改革至少說明三點：
一 當下考試形式對學生來講並無大益，當局已然意識到此問題且已經下決心實施並推進了改革，國家也想讓這個考試成爲在大學期間值得學生去認真備戰的能力性考試。
二 每次(包含這次)改革後的考試無疑在出題形式上結合了國內外衆多考試形式之精華與高效，力圖讓考試本身最大程度的反映出考生的實際水平，並迫使學生爲了相應的題型去進行必要的學習準備。從這一點來看，只要敢對中國人多年來的畸形英語水平動刀子除垢病，就顯示出了官方的極大魄力與那麼一點兒智慧。
三 改革之後，如果題型更注重實用，難度有所提升，迎來的或將是大學校園內的一場或多或少的爲考試而準備的學習勁頭，雖然會有陣痛，可如果結果是皆大歡喜的，這種陣痛又算得了什麼呢?畢竟，大到國家，小到個人，哪一次的進步不是因爲改革呢?改革不一定都好，可是不改革一定是不好的。
秉承這樣的樂觀心態，我們來看看本次改革。本次改革只是對試卷結構和測試題型作局部調整。四級和六級的試卷結構、測試內容、測試題型、分值比例和考試時間如下表所示：
|
試卷結構 |
測試內容 |
測試題型 |
分值比例 |
考試時間 |
|
|
寫作 |
寫作 |
短文寫作 |
15% |
30分鐘 |
|
|
聽力理解 |
聽力對話 |
短對話 |
多項選擇 |
8% |
30分鐘 |
|
長對話 |
多項選擇 |
7% |
|||
|
聽力短文 |
短文理解 |
多項選擇 |
10% |
||
|
短文聽寫 |
單詞及詞組聽寫 |
10% |
|||
|
閱讀理解 |
詞彙理解 |
選詞填空 |
5% |
40分鐘 |
|
|
長篇閱讀 |
匹配 |
10% |
|||
|
仔細閱讀 |
多項選擇 |
20% |
|||
|
翻譯 |
漢譯英 |
段落翻譯 |
15% |
30分鐘 |
|
|
總計 |
100% |
130分鐘 |
|||
局部調整包括：
1、複合式聽寫部分取消8個單詞3個句子的考查，改爲10個單詞和詞組聽寫，分值不變;
2、快速閱讀改爲長篇閱讀，放回到聽力之後，變成段落句子匹配題，分值不變;
3、翻譯部分由原單句漢譯英調整爲140-160的段落漢譯英，分值比例提升到15%;
4、完形填空取消;
複合式聽寫：
官方公告上明確指出，原複合式聽寫調整爲單詞及詞組聽寫，短文長度及難度不變。要求考生在聽懂短文的基礎上，用所聽到的原文填寫空缺的單詞或詞組，共10題。短文播放三遍。這個消息顯然讓聽過我四六級聽力課的同學們感到不適，因爲聽完課後你們最翹首以盼的複合聽寫句子竟然消失了，使得你們的渾身之所學瞬間沒了用武之地，這種心情我很能理解。但客觀地說，單從出題形式上講，改革之後的題型的確比之前的句子在難度上有所降低。但不代表大家可以輕視，因爲越是看似簡單的題目越容易丟分。
改革後的聽寫題型較像目前國內的兩大口譯考試的筆試部分，一是上海市中高口，二是人事部三口。這兩個考試含金量都不低，故四六級的改革初衷可見一斑。說它難度降低了，不是因爲單詞短語比長句子聽起來簡單(貌似簡單，實易丟分)，主要是因爲文章仍然讀三遍，再難的東西只要能聽三遍都不是什麼大事了，前提是單詞關過了。如果像口譯考試一樣只讀一遍，考生不僅要具備堅實的單詞和短語基礎，還要有紮實的短時記憶能力和速記能力。而四六級只需要有較爲紮實的詞彙功底。這些能力主要體現在：單詞的掌握，不僅是看了認識的視覺詞彙，更包括聽後能迅速反應出來的聽覺詞彙能力以及快速記下並將所聽單詞拼寫正確的能力。否則，在考場上聽不出來或是下筆忘詞的感受恐怕很讓人心煩。
新東方備考建議：
單詞是硬道理，用什麼記憶方法不是重點，關鍵是在短時間內快速的多次重複記憶，而且記憶單詞的時間也不宜過長，2-3月爲宜。在四六級考試的大綱詞彙範圍內，重點記憶名詞、動詞、形容詞，以及大綱上與真題中反覆出現的高頻詞和重點短語。記憶單詞和短語時要看、讀、聽三者結合，遇到長難單詞和真題中反覆出現的常考詞彙和短語，更要習慣在紙上動筆寫一寫。最後詞彙的應用當然不能指望單詞書上的例句，而是真題。通過反覆做真題，揣摩出題思路、體會詞語的實際用法，通過做題加深記憶印象。而聽的時候，同音詞、近音詞、單複數、過去分詞在聽的時候都會是一個不小的挑戰，因爲這將涉及到語音的問題。所以有時間彈性的同學不妨每天花點時間(20分鐘亦可)通過跟讀和模仿標準的語音材料來提高自己的語音水平，並且每週至少抽出3-4天時間，每天30分鐘堅定地進行聽寫練習，這樣一來，前後不用半年，你的聽力實力將足夠你去應對任意一個聽力考試。
長篇閱讀：
官方公告明確指出，原快速閱讀理解調整爲長篇閱讀理解，篇章長度和難度不變。篇章後附有10個句子，每句一題。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出與每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能對應兩題，有的段落可能不對應任何一題。這個題型會讓很多人不由自主地想到考研英語新題型和雅思閱讀，雖各不同，但有通點。難點在於陷阱設計較好，迷惑性強。尤其注意上文中的這一句"有的段落可能對應兩題，有的段落可能不對應任何一題。"從樣捲來看，四級中此題爲9段，後有10題，這意味着必有一段對應兩題;而六級共15段，對應10題，這意味着必有5題是干擾段。時間方面還是較爲緊張(因爲四六級考試強調的依然是速度)，選詞+段落+精讀，共40分鐘，而此新題大約10分鐘。時間短，題量大，除了閱讀基本功，相應的技巧和訓練亦不可少。
新東方備考建議：
首先保證詞彙功底，前文已述。除詞彙基礎之外，還應掌握一些閱讀方法和技巧。比如，段落首尾句作爲重點信息處理;特殊信號詞在段落和題目中的對應，如數字、大寫、特殊符號;特別關注段落銜接句等。而這些方法技巧在大家單詞關通過之後，可在真題的訓練中逐漸獲得。當然，老師們也會及時與大家分享並提供幫助。
翻譯：
翻譯部分，原單句漢譯英調整爲段落漢譯英。翻譯內容涉及中國的歷史、文化、經濟、社會發展等。四級長度爲140-160個漢字;六級長度爲180-200個漢字。翻譯部分所需的能力比較全面綜合，所以無疑可以說是四六級中最難的題型，最易丟分。在國內各種考試中，翻譯也是拉開考生分數檔的一個題型。而段落漢譯英最難的莫過於詞語和句型的對等翻譯，雖然不及翻譯考試難，但對於廣大不專門學習翻譯的考生來講，亦可謂難題一個。
新東方備考建議：
這部分的重點依然是詞彙，我這裏指的是較爲特殊的翻譯類詞彙，主要是一些和中國節日、歷史事件、經濟文化、旅遊活動、社會發展等相關的詞彙。這些詞彙來源我個人推薦如下兩種：1、上海市中高級口譯系列之翻譯教程。(四級買中級，六級買高級，網上可購)。2、每週至少精讀一份Chinadaily的報紙或者每天閱讀其網站。這份報紙的大部分內容確實超越了多數考生目前的實力，但是一些涉及到日常社會生活的詞語，卻是值得學習的。大家每天看看網站中頭條新聞，配合相關中文新聞的背景，就可以學到很多表達。
另外推薦一箇中國日報網站下的一個小欄目：language tips，有大量簡單實用的雙語文章。與此同時，大家平時注意選購一些難度不大的翻譯書籍，注意積累一些中英文的相關表達。若是還有閒暇時間(其實是有的，大學生活怎一個閒字了得?) ，平時不妨多瀏覽一些英語學習網站如滬江、可可之類的，或是每天看看英語新聞雜誌的網站，如VOA，CNN，BBC，CRI，TIMES，NEWSWEEK等等，養成了看英語聽英語甚至說英語的習慣，英語便不再是種負擔或是你所認爲沒用的技能，相反，它會成爲你生活中的一種樂趣，考試不過是順帶的事情。
總體來講，考試的改革不是件壞事，已過的不必幸災樂禍，沒過的更不必哀怨自憐。倘若你願意犧牲一點點你無所事事拼勁玩兒手機的時間，每天做一點以上談到的準備工作，你收穫的必將不只是通過這個無聊的考試，還會有什麼驚喜，誰知道呢?
時間緊迫，不再多聊，願大家好好準備，夯實好基礎與實力，任憑如何改革，也奈何不了你。
現在就開始吧!加油!
To understand the Chinese culture, you have to know something about the Chinese opera culture. In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one. As an independent opera form, Peking Opera was approximately born between 1840 and I860. Peking opera originated from absorbing the essentials of other local operas. In Peking Opera there is a clear division of roles; the spoken parts are in Beijing dialect; and huqin, is the main accompaniment instrument. Since Peking Opera has combined the cream of various local operas, it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country. 難點精析
1.要了解中國文化，就應該對中國的戲曲文化有所瞭解：該句沒有給出明確的主語，因而在翻譯時要注意：增譯主語you。“中國的戲曲文化”可譯爲the Chinese opera culture。 2.中國地方戲種類很多，其中京劇是一個具有代表性的劇種：該句在翻譯時可以採用非限定性定語從句結構。該句可譯爲：In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.注意此處爲了避免在前後分句中重複使用名詞opera而在後半句中使用了名詞性替代詞 one。
3.京劇是在吸收其他地方戲營養的基礎上形成的：“在„„的基礎上形成”如果直接譯爲be formed on the I basis of...會稍顯生硬，因而可以靈活譯爲originate from...。“地方戲”可以直譯爲local opera。
4.唸白：“唸白”指的是中國戲曲中人物的獨白或者兩者的對話，因而此處在翻譯時可將其靈活譯爲the I spoken parts。
5.胡琴：這一特有名詞在英文中並沒有直接對應的詞彙或表達，因而可以採用漢語拼音表示。
6.它不僅爲北京的觀衆所鍾愛，也受到全國人民的喜愛：“不僅 也 ”常用not only„but also„來表達。此處句中的“鍾愛”和“喜愛”同義，在翻譯後半部分內容時可以將與前半部分重複的內容省略，故該部分內容可譯爲：it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country