前中後序遍歷的非遞歸方法 LeetCode144，145，94（待總結）

前序

public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
    List<Integer> ret = new ArrayList<>();
    Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
    stack.push(root);
    while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
        TreeNode node = stack.pop();
        if (node == null) continue;
        ret.add(node.val);
        stack.push(node.right);  // 先右後左，保證左子樹先遍歷
        stack.push(node.left);
    }
    return ret;
}

後序

public List<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
    List<Integer> ret = new ArrayList<>();
    Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
    stack.push(root);
    while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
        TreeNode node = stack.pop();
        if (node == null) continue;
        ret.add(node.val);
        stack.push(node.left);
        stack.push(node.right);
    }
    Collections.reverse(ret);
    return ret;
}

中序

public List<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
    List<Integer> ret = new ArrayList<>();
    if (root == null) return ret;
    Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
    TreeNode cur = root;
    while (cur != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {
        while (cur != null) {
            stack.push(cur);
            cur = cur.left;
        }
        TreeNode node = stack.pop();
        ret.add(node.val);
        cur = node.right;
    }
    return ret;
}