手工創建數據庫

Step 1: Specify an Instance Identifier (SID) :

[oracle@200-168-1-4 ~]$ ORACLE_SID=lubinsu 
[oracle@200-168-1-4 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID

[oracle@200-168-1-4 ~]$ env 
HOSTNAME=200-168-1-4.speedyterra.com.br 
SHELL=/bin/bash 
TERM=vt100 
HISTSIZE=1000 
TMPDIR=/tmp 
USER=oracle 
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib:/lib:/usr/lib 
LS_COLORS=no=00:fi=00:di=01;34:ln=01;36:pi=40;33:so=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=01;05;37;41:mi=01;05;37;41:ex=01;32:*.cmd=01;32:*.exe=01;32:*.com=01;32:*.btm=01;32:*.bat=01;32:*.sh=01;32:*.csh=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.tif=01;35: 
ORACLE_SID=lubinsu 
ORACLE_BASE=/usr/u01/app 
MAIL=/var/spool/mail/oracle 
PATH=/usr/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/home/oracle/bin:/home/lubinsu/soft/app/jdk7/bin 
INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc 
PWD=/home/oracle 
JAVA_HOME=/home/lubinsu/soft/app/jdk7 
LANG=en_US.UTF-8 
ORACLE_TERM=xterm 
SSH_ASKPASS=/usr/libexec/openssh/gnome-ssh-askpass 
SHLVL=1 
HOME=/home/oracle 
TMP=/tmp 
LOGNAME=oracle 
CVS_RSH=ssh 
CLASSPATH=/usr/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/JRE:/usr/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/jlib:/usr/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/jlib 
LESSOPEN=|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s 
ORACLE_HOME=/usr/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 
G_BROKEN_FILENAMES=1 
_=/bin/env

Step 2: Ensure That the Required Environment Variables Are Set

[oracle@200-168-1-4 bin]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME 
/usr/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 
[oracle@200-168-1-4 bin]$ echo $ORACLE_SID 
lubinsu 
[oracle@200-168-1-4 bin]$ echo $PATH 
/usr/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/home/oracle/bin:/home/lubinsu/soft/app/jdk7/bin

Step 3: Choose a Database Administrator Authentication Method

orapwd file=pwdlubinsu entries=30 force=y ignorecase=n

Step 4: Create the Initialization Parameter File

[oracle@200-168-1-4 lubinsu]$ ll 
total 20 
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 10 08:09 adump 
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 10 08:09 bdump 
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 10 08:09 cdump 
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 10 08:09 pfile 
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 10 08:09 udump 
[oracle@200-168-1-4 lubinsu]$ pwd 
/usr/u01/app/oradata/admin/lubinsu

--從usr/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/init.ora複製一份

[oracle@200-168-1-4 lubinsu]$ cat /usr/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initlubinsu.ora 
# 
# $Header: rdbms/admin/init.ora /main/23 2009/05/15 13:35:38 ysarig Exp $ 
# 
# Copyright (c) 1991, 1997, 1998 by Oracle Corporation 
# NAME 
# init.ora 
# FUNCTION 
# NOTES 
# MODIFIED 
# ysarig 05/14/09 - Updating compatible to 11.2 
# ysarig 08/13/07 - Fixing the sample for 11g 
# atsukerm 08/06/98 - fix for 8.1. 
# hpiao 06/05/97 - fix for 803 
# glavash 05/12/97 - add oracle_trace_enable comment 
# hpiao 04/22/97 - remove ifile=, events=, etc. 
# alingelb 09/19/94 - remove vms-specific stuff 
# dpawson 07/07/93 - add more comments regarded archive start 
# maporter 10/29/92 - Add vms_sga_use_gblpagfile=TRUE 
# jloaiza 03/07/92 - change ALPHA to BETA 
# danderso 02/26/92 - change db_block_cache_protect to _db_block_cache_p 
# ghallmar 02/03/92 - db_directory -> db_domain 
# maporter 01/12/92 - merge changes from branch 1.8.308.1 
# maporter 12/21/91 - bug 76493: Add control_files parameter 
# wbridge 12/03/91 - use of %c in archive format is discouraged 
# ghallmar 12/02/91 - add global_names=true, db_directory=us.acme.com 
# thayes 11/27/91 - Change default for cache_clone 
# jloaiza 08/13/91 - merge changes from branch 1.7.100.1 
# jloaiza 07/31/91 - add debug stuff 
# rlim 04/29/91 - removal of char_is_varchar2 
# Bridge 03/12/91 - log_allocation no longer exists 
# Wijaya 02/05/91 - remove obsolete parameters 
# 
############################################################################## 
# Example INIT.ORA file 
# 
# This file is provided by Oracle Corporation to help you start by providing 
# a starting point to customize your RDBMS installation for your site. 
# 
# NOTE: The values that are used in this file are only intended to be used 
# as a starting point. You may want to adjust/tune those values to your 
# specific hardware and needs. You may also consider using Database 
# Configuration Assistant tool (DBCA) to create INIT file and to size your 
# initial set of tablespaces based on the user input. 
############################################################################### 

# Change '<ORACLE_BASE>' to point to the oracle base (the one you specify at 
# install time) 

db_name='lubinsu' 
memory_target=1G 
processes = 150 
audit_file_dest='/usr/u01/app/oradata/admin/lubinsu/adump' 
audit_trail ='db' 
db_block_size=8192 
db_domain='www.lubinsu.com' 
db_recovery_file_dest='/usr/u01/app/flash_recovery_area' 
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G 
diagnostic_dest='/usr/u01/app' 
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)' 
open_cursors=300 
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' 
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' 
# You may want to ensure that control files are created on separate physical 
# devices 
control_files = ('/usr/u01/app/oradata/lubinsu/control01.ctl', '/usr/u01/app/oradata/lubinsu/control02.ctl','/usr/u01/app/oradata/lubinsu/control03.ctl') 
compatible ='11.2.0'

Step 5: (Windows Only) Create an Instance

跳過

Step 6: Connect to the Instance

[oracle@200-168-1-4 app]$ sqlplus sys/30039736 as sysdba 

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Sep 10 08:21:47 2014 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 

Connected to an idle instance. 

SQL> startup nomount 
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system 
SQL> exit 
Disconnected

[oracle@200-168-1-4 dev]$ su - root 
Password: 
[root@200-168-1-4 ~]# vi /etc/fstab 
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1 
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=1G 0 0 
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 
LABEL=SWAP-sda3 swap swap defaults 0 0 
/home/oracle/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0

--修改初始化文件：memory_target=512M

[oracle@200-168-1-4 dbs]$ sqlplus sys/30039736 as sysdba 

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Sep 10 08:33:45 2014 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 

Connected to an idle instance. 

SQL> startup nomount 
ORACLE instance started. 

Total System Global Area 534462464 bytes 
Fixed Size 2215064 bytes 
Variable Size 327156584 bytes 
Database Buffers 197132288 bytes 
Redo Buffers 7958528 bytes 
SQL>

--啓動成功！

Step 7: Create a Server Parameter File

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

SQL> host ls $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

hc_lubinsu.dat initlubinsu.ora init.ora pwdlubinsu spfilelubinsu.ora

Step 8: Start the Instance

Step 9: Issue the CREATE DATABASE Statement

[oracle@200-168-1-4 script]$ vi create_db.sql 
CREATE DATABASE lubinsu 
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY 30039736 
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY 30039736 
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/usr/u01/app/oradata/lubinsu/redo01a.log','/usr/u01/app/oradata/lubinsu/redo01b.log') SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512, 
GROUP 2 ('/usr/u01/app/oradata/lubinsu/redo02a.log','/usr/u01/app/oradata/lubinsu/redo02b.log') SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512, 
GROUP 3 ('/usr/u01/app/oradata/lubinsu/redo03a.log','/usr/u01/app/oradata/lubinsu/redo03b.log') SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512 
MAXLOGFILES 5 
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5 
MAXLOGHISTORY 1 
MAXDATAFILES 100 
CHARACTER SET UTF8 
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16 
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL 
DATAFILE '/usr/u01/app/oradata/lubinsu/system01.dbf' SIZE 125M REUSE 
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/usr/u01/app/oradata/lubinsu/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 125M REUSE 
DEFAULT TABLESPACE users 
DATAFILE '/usr/u01/app/oradata/lubinsu/users01.dbf' 
SIZE 250M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED 
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1 
TEMPFILE '/usr/u01/app/oradata/lubinsu/temp01.dbf' 
SIZE 20M REUSE 
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1 
DATAFILE '/usr/u01/app/oradata/lubinsu/undotbs01.dbf' 
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

注意：

這裏的undo tablespace的名字必須和你在初始化參數文件中寫的名稱是一致的！

Step 10: Create Additional Tablespaces

SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE apps_tbs LOGGING

  2 DATAFILE '/usr/u01/app/oradata/lubinsu/lubinsu.dbf'

  3 SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

  4 EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;

Tablespace created.

Step 11: Run Scripts to Build Data Dictionary Views

@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

conn system/30039736

@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

EXIT

Step 12: (Optional) Run Scripts to Install Additional Options

Step 13: Back Up the Database.

Step 14: (Optional) Enable Automatic Instance Startup