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http://blog.csdn.net/wenshuangzhu/article/details/43206089
Oracle提供了两个脚本dbstart和dbshut用来启动和关闭数据库（包括数据库实例和监听）。
这两个脚本首先读取oratab(/etc/oratab)文件来决定哪些数据库是需要自动启动和关闭的，然后启动和关闭那些数据库。
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ vi /etc/oratab
#
# This file is used by ORACLE utilities. It is created by root.sh
# and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating
# a database.
# A colon, ':', is used as the field terminator. A new line terminates
# the entry. Lines beginning with a pound sign, '#', are comments.
#
# Entries are of the form:
# $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
#
# The first and second fields are the system identifier and home
# directory of the database respectively. The third filed indicates
# to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should not,
# "N", be brought up at system boot time.
#
# Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed.
#
#
orcl:/home/database/oracle/product/11g:N
要使用dbstart和dbshut启动和关闭数据库，需要把N改成Y。
执行 dbstart和dbshut会提示：
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ dbstart
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener
Usage: /home/database/oracle/product/11g/bin/dbstart ORACLE_HOME
错误原因是：dbstart和dbshut脚本文件中没有设置ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER。
有两种解决方式：
1、 运行命令时带上$ORACLE_HOME参数:
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ dbstart $ORACLE_HOME
2、 分别打开两个文件找到：ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1，修改为：
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
命令如下：
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut
启动数据库：
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ dbstart
Processing Database instance "orcl": log file /home/database/oracle/product/11g/startup.log
关闭数据库：
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ dbshut
Processing Database instance "orcl": log file /home/database/oracle/product/11g/shutdown.log