Kubernetes系列之kubernetes Prometheus Operator

Operator是由CoreOS公司開發的用來擴展Kubernetes API的特定應用程序控制器，用來創建、配置和管理複雜的有狀態應用，例如Mysql、緩存和監控系統。目前CoreOS官方提供了幾種Operator的代碼實現，其中就包括Prometheus Operator

下圖爲Prometheus Operator 架構圖

Operator作爲一個核心的控制器，它會創建Prometheus、ServiceMonitor、alertmanager以及我們的prometheus-rule這四個資源對象，operator會一直監控並維持這四個資源對象的狀態，其中創建Prometheus資源對象就是作爲Prometheus Server進行監控，而ServiceMonitor就是我們用的exporter的各種抽象（exporter前面文章已經介紹了，就是提供我們各種服務的metrics的工具）Prometheus就是通過ServiceMonitor提供的metrics數據接口把我們數據pull過來的。現在我們監控prometheus不需要每個服務單獨創建修改規則。通過直接管理Operator來進行集羣的監控。這裏還要說一下，一個ServiceMonitor可以通過我們的label標籤去匹配集羣內部的service，而我們的prometheus也可以通過label匹配多個ServiceMonitor

其中，Operator是核心部分，作爲一個控制器而存在，Operator會創建Prometheus、ServiceMonitor、AlertManager及PrometheusRule這4個CRD資源對象，然後一直監控並維持這4個CRD資源對象的狀態

Prometheus 資源對象是作爲Prometheus Service存在的
ServiceMonitor 資源對象是專門提供metrics數據接口的exporter的抽象，Prometheus就是通過ServiceMonitor提供的metrics數據接口去 pull 數據的
AlerManager 資源對象是對應alertmanager組件
PrometheusRule 資源對象是被Prometheus實例使用的告警規則文件

CRD簡介
全稱CustomResourceDefinition，在Kubernetes中一切都可視爲資源，在Kubernetes1.7之後增加對CRD自定義資源二次開發能力開擴展Kubernetes API，當我們創建一個新的CRD時，Kubernetes API服務器將爲你制定的每個版本創建一個新的RESTful資源路徑，我們可以根據該API路徑來創建一些我們自己定義的類型資源。CRD可以是命名空間，也可以是集羣範圍。由CRD的作用域scpoe字段中所制定的，與現有的內置對象一樣，刪除名稱空間將刪除該名稱中的所有自定義對象

簡單的來說CRD是對Kubernetes API的擴展，Kubernetes中的每個資源都是一個API對象的集合，例如yaml文件中定義spec那樣，都是對Kubernetes中資源對象的定義，所有的自定義資源可以跟Kubernetes中內建的資源一樣使用Kubectl

這樣，在集羣中監控數據，就變成Kubernetes直接去監控資源對象，Service和ServiceMonitor都是Kubernetes的資源對象，一個ServiceMonitor可以通過labelSelector匹配一類Service，Prometheus也可以通過labelSelector匹配多個ServiceMonitor，並且Prometheus和AlertManager都是自動感知監控告警配置的變化，不需要認爲進行reload操作。

安裝

Operator是原生支持Prometheus的，可以通過服務發現來監控集羣，並且是通用安裝。也就是operator提供的yaml文件，基本上在Prometheus是可以直接使用的，需要改動的地方可能就只有幾處

#官方下載 (使用官方下載的出現鏡像版本不相同請自己找鏡像版本)
wget -P /root/ https://github.com/coreos/kube-prometheus/archive/master.zip
unzip master.zip
cd /root/kube-prometheus-master/manifests

prometheus-serviceMonitorKubelet.yaml (這個文件是用來收集我們service的metrics數據的)

不需要修改


cat prometheus-serviceMonitorKubelet.yaml

apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: ServiceMonitor
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubelet
name: kubelet
namespace: monitoring
spec:
endpoints:

bearerTokenFile: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
honorLabels: true
interval: 30s
port: https-metrics
scheme: https
tlsConfig:
insecureSkipVerify: true
bearerTokenFile: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
honorLabels: true
interval: 30s
metricRelabelings:
- action: drop
  regex: container_(network_tcp_usage_total|network_udp_usage_total|tasks_state|cpu_load_average_10s)
  sourceLabels:
  - name
    path: /metrics/cadvisor
    port: https-metrics
    scheme: https
    tlsConfig:
    insecureSkipVerify: true
    jobLabel: k8s-app
    namespaceSelector: #匹配命名空間，這個代表的意思就是會去匹配kube-system命名空間下，具有k8s-app=kubelet的標籤，會將匹配的標籤納入我們prometheus監控中
    matchNames:
- kube-system
  selector: #這三行是用來匹配我們的service
  matchLabels:
  k8s-app: kubelet
```
這裏修改完畢後，我們就可以直接創建配置文件
```
  [root@HUOBAN-K8S-MASTER01 manifests]# kubectl apply -f ./
  namespace/monitoring unchanged
  customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/alertmanagers.monitoring.coreos.com unchanged
  customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/podmonitors.monitoring.coreos.com unchanged
  customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/prometheuses.monitoring.coreos.com unchanged
  customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/prometheusrules.monitoring.coreos.com unchanged
  customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/servicemonitors.monitoring.coreos.com unchanged
  clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-operator unchanged
  clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-operator unchanged
  deployment.apps/prometheus-operator unchanged
  service/prometheus-operator unchanged
  serviceaccount/prometheus-operator unchanged
  servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/prometheus-operator created
  alertmanager.monitoring.coreos.com/main created
  secret/alertmanager-main unchanged
  service/alertmanager-main unchanged
  serviceaccount/alertmanager-main unchanged
  servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/alertmanager created
  secret/grafana-datasources unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-apiserver unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-controller-manager unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-k8s-resources-cluster unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-k8s-resources-namespace unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-k8s-resources-node unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-k8s-resources-pod unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-k8s-resources-workload unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-k8s-resources-workloads-namespace unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-kubelet unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-node-cluster-rsrc-use unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-node-rsrc-use unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-nodes unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-persistentvolumesusage unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-pods unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-prometheus-remote-write unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-prometheus unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-proxy unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-scheduler unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboard-statefulset unchanged
  configmap/grafana-dashboards unchanged
  deployment.apps/grafana configured
  service/grafana unchanged
  serviceaccount/grafana unchanged
  servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/grafana created
  clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kube-state-metrics unchanged
  clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kube-state-metrics unchanged
  deployment.apps/kube-state-metrics unchanged
  role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kube-state-metrics unchanged
  rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kube-state-metrics unchanged
  service/kube-state-metrics unchanged
  serviceaccount/kube-state-metrics unchanged
  servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/kube-state-metrics created
  clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/node-exporter unchanged
  clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/node-exporter unchanged
  daemonset.apps/node-exporter configured
  service/node-exporter unchanged
  serviceaccount/node-exporter unchanged
  servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/node-exporter created
  apiservice.apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io unchanged
  clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-adapter unchanged
  clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:aggregated-metrics-reader unchanged
  clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-adapter unchanged
  clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/resource-metrics:system:auth-delegator unchanged
  clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/resource-metrics-server-resources unchanged
  configmap/adapter-config unchanged
  deployment.apps/prometheus-adapter configured
  rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/resource-metrics-auth-reader unchanged
  service/prometheus-adapter unchanged
  serviceaccount/prometheus-adapter unchanged
  clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s unchanged
  clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s unchanged
  prometheus.monitoring.coreos.com/k8s created
  rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s-config unchanged
  rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s unchanged
  rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s unchanged
  rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s unchanged
  role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s-config unchanged
  role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s unchanged
  role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s unchanged
  role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s unchanged
  prometheusrule.monitoring.coreos.com/prometheus-k8s-rules created
  service/prometheus-k8s unchanged
  serviceaccount/prometheus-k8s unchanged
  servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/prometheus created
  servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/kube-apiserver created
  servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/coredns created
  servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/kube-controller-manager created
  servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/kube-scheduler created
  servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/kubelet created
```
當我們部署成功之後，我們可以查看一下crd,yaml文件會自動幫我們創建crd文件。只有我們創建了crd文件，我們的serviceMonitor纔會有用
```
  [root@HUOBAN-K8S-MASTER01 manifests]# kubectl get crd
  NAME CREATED AT
  alertmanagers.monitoring.coreos.com 2019-10-18T08:32:57Z
  podmonitors.monitoring.coreos.com 2019-10-18T08:32:58Z
  prometheuses.monitoring.coreos.com 2019-10-18T08:32:58Z
  prometheusrules.monitoring.coreos.com 2019-10-18T08:32:58Z
  servicemonitors.monitoring.coreos.com 2019-10-18T08:32:59Z
```
其他的資源文件都會部署在一個命名空間下面，在monitoring裏面是operator Pod對應的列表
```
  [root@HUOBAN-K8S-MASTER01 manifests]# kubectl get pod -n monitoring
  NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
  alertmanager-main-0 2/2 Running 0 11m
  alertmanager-main-1 2/2 Running 0 11m
  alertmanager-main-2 2/2 Running 0 11m
  grafana-55488b566f-g2sm9 1/1 Running 0 11m
  kube-state-metrics-ff5cb7949-wq7pb 3/3 Running 0 11m
  node-exporter-6wb5v 2/2 Running 0 11m
  node-exporter-785rf 2/2 Running 0 11m
  node-exporter-7kvkp 2/2 Running 0 11m
  node-exporter-85bnh 2/2 Running 0 11m
  node-exporter-9vxwf 2/2 Running 0 11m
  node-exporter-bvf4r 2/2 Running 0 11m
  node-exporter-j6d2d 2/2 Running 0 11m
  prometheus-adapter-668748ddbd-d8k7f 1/1 Running 0 11m
  prometheus-k8s-0 3/3 Running 1 11m
  prometheus-k8s-1 3/3 Running 1 11m
  prometheus-operator-55b978b89-qpzfk 1/1 Running 0 11m
```
其中prometheus和alertmanager採用的StatefulSet，其他的Pod則採用deployment創建
```
  [root@HUOBAN-K8S-MASTER01 manifests]# kubectl get deployments.apps -n monitoring
  NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
  grafana 1/1 1 1 12m
  kube-state-metrics 1/1 1 1 12m
  prometheus-adapter 1/1 1 1 12m
  prometheus-operator 1/1 1 1 12m
  [root@HUOBAN-K8S-MASTER01 manifests]# kubectl get statefulsets.apps -n monitoring
  NAME READY AGE
  alertmanager-main 3/3 11m
  prometheus-k8s 2/2 11m

#其中prometheus-operator是我們的核心文件，它是監控我們prometheus和alertmanager的文件

現在創建完成後我們還無法直接訪問prometheus

[root@HUOBAN-K8S-MASTER01 manifests]# kubectl get svc -n monitoring |egrep "prometheus|grafana|alertmanage"
alertmanager-main ClusterIP 10.96.226.38 <none> 9093/TCP 3m55s
alertmanager-operated ClusterIP None <none> 9093/TCP,9094/TCP,9094/UDP 3m10s
grafana ClusterIP 10.97.175.234 <none> 3000/TCP 3m53s
prometheus-adapter ClusterIP 10.96.43.155 <none> 443/TCP 3m53s
prometheus-k8s ClusterIP 10.105.75.186 <none> 9090/TCP 3m52s
prometheus-operated ClusterIP None <none> 9090/TCP 3m
prometheus-operator ClusterIP None <none> 8080/TCP 3m55s

由於默認的yaml文件svc採用的是ClusterIP，我們無法進行訪問。這裏我們可以使用ingress進行代理，或者使用node-port臨時訪問。我這裏就修改一下svc，使用node-port進行訪問

#我這裏使用edit進行修改，或者修改yaml文件apply下即可

kubectl edit svc -n monitoring prometheus-k8s
#注意修改的svc是prometheus-k8s因爲這個有clusterIP
kubectl edit svc -n monitoring grafana
kubectl edit svc -n monitoring alertmanager-main
#三個文件都需要修改，不要修改錯了。都是修改有clusterIP的
...
type: NodePort #將這行修改爲NodePort

prometheus-k8s、grafana和alertmanager-main都是隻修改type=clusterIP這行

![image.png](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/6064401-efe1ddb97a7d8c65.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)

修改完畢後，我們在查看svc，就會發現這幾個都包含node端口了，接下來在任意集羣節點訪問即可

[root@HUOBAN-K8S-MASTER01 manifests]# kubectl get svc -n monitoring |egrep "prometheus|grafana|alertmanage"
alertmanager-main NodePort 10.96.226.38 <none> 9093:32477/TCP 13m
alertmanager-operated ClusterIP None <none> 9093/TCP,9094/TCP,9094/UDP 12m
grafana NodePort 10.97.175.234 <none> 3000:32474/TCP 13m
prometheus-adapter ClusterIP 10.96.43.155 <none> 443/TCP 13m
prometheus-k8s NodePort 10.105.75.186 <none> 9090:32489/TCP 13m
prometheus-operated ClusterIP None <none> 9090/TCP 12m
prometheus-operator ClusterIP None <none> 8080/TCP 13m

接下來我們查看prometheus的Ui界面

[root@HUOBAN-K8S-MASTER01 manifests]# kubectl get svc -n monitoring |grep prometheus-k8s
prometheus-k8s NodePort 10.105.75.186 <none> 9090:32489/TCP 19m
[root@HUOBAN-K8S-MASTER01 manifests]# hostname -i
172.16.17.191

我們訪問的集羣172.16.17.191:32489

![image.png](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/6064401-90275be27c1d9f95.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)

這裏kube-controller-manager和kube-scheduler並管理的目標，其他的都有。這裏的就是和官方yaml文件裏面定義的有關係
![image.png](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/6064401-80b0213e740d6398.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)

配置文件解釋

vim prometheus-serviceMonitorKubeScheduler.yaml

apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1 #kubectl get crd裏面包含的，不進行修改
kind: ServiceMonitor
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-scheduler
name: kube-scheduler #定義的名稱
namespace: monitoring
spec:
endpoints:

interval: 30s
port: http-metrics #這裏定義的就是在svc上的端口名稱
jobLabel: k8s-app
namespaceSelector: #表示匹配哪一個命名空間，配置any:true則回去所有命名空間中查詢
matchNames:
- kube-system
  selector: #這裏大概意思就是匹配kube-system命名空間下具有k8s-app=kube-scheduler標籤的svc
  matchLabels:
  k8s-app: kube-scheduler

Kubernetes系列之kubernetes Prometheus Operator

安裝

vim prometheus-serviceMonitorKubeScheduler.yaml

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