英語語法日記——主從句之狀語從句
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主從句
1、定義：主從句是指由一個主句和一個或多個從句構成的句子，從句在主句中充當句子成分，從句是主句的組成部分，相當於主句中的一個“詞”
2、引導詞特點：引導從句、弱化從句、連接主句和從句
3、種類：狀語從句、定語從句、名詞性從句 -
狀語從句
1、定義：在句子中充當狀語的從句
2、種類：
when：時間狀語從句
where：地點狀語從句
why：原因、目的、結果狀語從句
how：條件、讓步、方式、比較狀語從句
3、狀語從句引導詞（從屬連詞）決定狀語從句的類型 -
時間狀語從句
1、常用引導詞：when，當…的時候
When he left his country,he has penniless.
特殊：when it comes to…，“關於、說到”
When it comes to success,people’s opinions vary.
2、常用引導詞：while，當…的時候（持續的時間段）
While Mary was writing a letter,the children were playing outside.
Strike while the iron is hot.（趁熱打鐵）
特殊：可用於強調對比和差異：
I am studying English while the others are shopping online.
3、常用引導詞：as，“一邊…一邊”
The students took notes as the listened.
特殊：可用於強調主句動作發生的背景或條件，“隨着”：
As Chinese economy develops,people enjoy better living standards.
( With the development of Chinese economy,…) _with+名詞
4、常用引導詞：until/till，“直到…的時候”，not …untli ，“直到…才”
注意：主句是肯定句時，應用延續性動詞（eg.work,stay,study,wait），主句爲否定句時，應用瞬間動詞（eg.come,go,leave,finish）：
She slept until her mother came in.
She didn’t get up until her mother came in.
5、特殊引導詞：as soon as,immediately,instantly,the instant,the moment，“一…就…”
We will send the goods to you as soon as we receive the payment.
The machine will start instantly/immediately the button is pressed.
We haven’t seen each other for 20 years,but I recognized him the instant/the moment I saw him.
6、特殊引導詞：the day,the year,every time,by the time
He left Europe the year/the day World War 2 borke out.
Every time he listens to her davice,he gets into trouble.
By the time he was thirty,he had travelled more than 50 countries. -
地點狀語從句
1、常見引導詞：where，“在…的地方”
A driver should slow domn where there are schools.
Where there is a will,there is a way.（有志者，事竟成） -
原因狀語從句
1、常見引導詞：because（語氣最強，能回到why提出的本題，可以被simply,only等詞修飾）,as,since（since,as 後一般跟明顯的、雙方都知道的事實）
He did not show up simply because he is ill.
Since/As we don’t have class tomorrrow,why not go out for a picnic.
2、特殊引導詞：seeing that,now that,given that,considering that，”
既然，鑑於”
Seeing that he has been ill,he is unlikely to come.
Now that you are eightteen,you can get a driver’s license.
You should speak catiously,given that/considering that the boss is bad-tempered.
3、短語介詞：because of ,due to,owing to（+名詞）
Because he was careless,he missed the chance.
Because of/Due to/Owing to his carelessness ,he missed the chance.
4、特殊引導詞：in that，“因爲”
注意：in that 不能放句首
I’m in a dilemma in that I have to choose form two great jobs.
5、注意：
（1）because不能和so同時引導兩個句子
（2）because引導從句不能用句號直接結束（適用所有主從句）
When I was young . I like to play basketball. (X)
When I was young , I like to play basketball. (√) -
目的狀語從句
1、常用連接詞：so that,in order that，“爲了…”
特點：從句中常有情態動詞
I spoke slowly and clearly so that/in order that the audience could understand me.
注意：in order to後面只能跟動詞短語，且主句和從句不一致時，不能使用in order to.
I am determined to sit for the test in order that I will have a promising future.
I am determined to sit for the test in order to have a promising future.
I am determined to sit for the test in order that my family will be happy.
2、特殊連接詞： in case,for fear that,lest，“以免，唯恐”
Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. -
結果狀語從句
1、常用引導詞：so…that（so+adj/adv）,such…that（such+n），“如此，以至於”。
Peter is so nice that we all like him.
This is such an interesting book that I enjoy reading it again and again. -
條件狀語從句
1、常見引導詞：if
注意：
（1）if 引導真實條件句表示將來可能發生的事情，if 從句用現在時表示將來的概念：
If it rains tomorrow,we will cancel the plan.
（2）if 引導條件句中表示的非真實的假設或不可能發生的事情，用虛擬語氣：
If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
2、常見引導詞：unless = if not，“除非”
I won’t go unless you promise me to do the homework.
3、特殊引導詞：suppose/supoosing(that)（假如，一般放句首）,as/so long as（只要）,provided/providing(that),on condition that（條件是）。
Suppose that you have one billion dollars,how would you spend it?
As/So long as you don’t give up,there are chances to succeed.
He will sign the contract provided that we offer more favorable terms. -
讓步狀語從句
1、常用引導詞：although/though(不能和but同時引導兩個句子)，“儘管，即使”
2、引導詞：while，“儘管“
While three was no conclusive evidence ,most people thought he was guilty.
3、引導詞：as，”儘管“，as引導的讓步狀語從句，一般需要倒裝
Young as he is,he has made great achievements.
4、短語介詞：despite,in spite of(+n) -
方式狀語從句
1、引導詞：as，”以…的方式”
She stayed in bed as the doctor had told her.
When in Rome,do as the Romans do.（入鄉隨俗）
2、引導詞：as if,as though，“彷彿…似的”
注意：所說情況時事實或實現的可能性較大時，從句用陳述語氣，否則用虛擬語氣
He looks as if he doesn’t care about her.
He looks as if he didn’t care about her.
3、特殊引導詞：(just)as … so…，“正如…”，置於句首，帶有比喻含義
Just as/As water is to fish ,so air is to man. -
比較狀語從句
1、引導詞：as…as （同級比較）
He is as mean as his father(is).
The task is not as/so difficult as you assume.
2、引導詞：than（不同程度的比較），只有兩個同類事物才能被比較
I am more ambitious than him.
He is less reliable than I.
3、引導詞：The more…the more…
The more exactly you use your words,the more easily people will understand you.