英語語法筆記Day8——特殊句型

英語語法筆記——特殊句型

• 特殊句型
  強調句、倒裝句、否定句

• 特殊句型之強調句
  1、定義：一種修辭手法，突出句中的部分內容
  2、三種構成手段：詞彙手段、語序手段、句式手段
  3、規則1.1：在謂語動詞前使用助動詞“do”，表示強調：
  I do appreciate your help.
  The method did work.
  注意：謂語部分不能有其他助動詞：
  He has realized his dream.
  4、規則1.2：在句中使用有強調含義的詞或詞組，如very,thoroughly,badly,highly,on earth：
  That is the very textbook we used last year.
  The school is badly in need of some new computers.
  This issue is highly important.
  What on earth is it?
  5、規則2：調整句子語序，將需要強調的部分前置：
  To switch on the machine,press the red button.
  6、規則3：採用強調句式，突出被強調部分：
  公式：It is（was）+被強調部分+that/who…,若強調錶示人的成分，用who/that，其與一律用that，不能用when或where：
  It was my colleagues who conducted the research in China last year.
  It was in China that my colleagues conducted the research last year.
  It was last year that my colleagues conducted the research in China.
  It was the research that my colleagues conducted in China last year.

• 特殊句型之倒裝句
  1、謂語部分=核心動詞+輔助動詞（情態動詞+助動詞）
  2、倒裝的種類：
  （1）完全倒裝：將句子中的謂語部分全部置於主語之前
  （2）部分倒裝：將謂語的一部分（輔助動詞）提到主語前，而謂語的核心動詞位置不變，仍放在主語之後
  3、完全倒裝：
  （1）規則1.1：爲了表示強調，可以把狀語放在句首，句子採用全部倒裝：
  原形：The woman rushed out.
  倒裝：Out rushed the woman.
  原形：A villa sits on the north bank of the river.
  倒裝：On the north of the river sits a villa.
  （2）規則1.2：將表語放在句首，句子採用全部倒裝：
  原形：Those who are contented are happy.
  倒裝：Happy are those who are contented.
  原形：Your experience is more improtant than your acdemic performance.
  倒裝：More improtant than your acdemic performance is your experience.
  （3）規則2：There be句型，be動詞可以換成表達“存在，有”等含義的動詞（如live,stand,lie）
  原形：A cup is on the desk.
  倒裝：There is a cup on the desk.
  原形：A mountain lies in front of the house.
  倒裝：There lies a mountain in front of the house.
  注意：主謂一致原則，防止出現“雙謂語”錯誤：
  There are a great deal of people travel abroad every year.(X)
  There are a great deal of people travelling abroad every year.(√)
  （4）特殊搭配：“毋庸置疑“：
  There is no doubt that…
  4、部分倒裝：
  （1）規則1：將含有否定意義的詞或詞組放置句首表示強調時，要將輔助動詞放在主語之前，而謂語部分的核心動詞位置不變，常見詞彙：never,seldom,scarcely,hardly.
  原形：I have never seen such a terrible behavior.
  步驟：否定詞提前，然後助動詞提前
  倒裝：Never have I seen such a terrible behavior.
  原形：She seldom reads newspapers.
  倒裝：Seldom does she read newspapers.
  （2）規則2：only所修飾的狀語被前置於句首時，採用部分倒裝
  原形：The problem can be effectively solved only in this way.
  倒裝：Only in this way can the problem be effectively solved.
  注意：如果only修飾的是主語，則不需要倒裝：
  Only a few young men attended the conference.

• 特殊句型之否定句
  1、完全否定：否定全部句子內容
  （1）規則1：謂語部分增加not表達否定含義：
  They cannot do the work.
  （2）規則2：利用否定詞彙表達否定含義（none,neither,hardly,seldom）:
  None of them are gentlemen.
  Neither of them are popular.
  Chinese students seldom speak English。
  2、部分否定：否定部分句子內容
  （1）規則1：當not於代表全體意義的代詞連用時，比到達部分否定，”並非都“：
  Not both of them are popular.
  Not everyone is here.
  （2）規則2：當not於代表全體意義的副詞連用時，比到達部分否定，”並非總是“：
  I am mot always polite.
  （3）否定轉移：在形式上否定某一部分的內容，但在語義上卻是否定另一部分：
  I don’t think he will surrender.
  3、雙重否定表達肯定含義，”without,fail,deny,im-,-less“
  He cannot live without books.
  Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.