英語語法日記——主從句之名詞性從句
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名詞性從句
1、分類:賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句、同位語從句
2、注意事項:
(1)四種名詞性從句的寫法基本一致,只是位置不同
(2)從句部分都採用陳述句語序
(3)引導詞特點:引導、弱化從句,連接主句和從句,分爲三類(陳述句、一般疑問句——只能用Yes/No回答、特殊疑問句) -
賓語從句
1、在一個句子中充當賓語成分的從句
2、規則1:當陳述句充當另一個句子的賓語從句時,引導詞用that,that不表達任何詞義:
We know that the earth is round.
3、規則2:當一般疑問句充當另一個句子的賓語從句時,引導詞用whether或if,表達“是否”的詞義:
I don’t know whether he will sign the contract.
4、規則3:當特殊疑問句充當另一個句子的賓語從句時,引導詞用特殊疑問詞,引導詞表達其原始詞義:
We don’t know where he comes from.
注意:特殊疑問詞在從句中作主語時無需調整從句語序:
We don’t know who will chair the meeting.
5、賓語從句的位置:
(1)主+謂+賓從:
The author maintains that women are biased professionally.
(2)主+謂+間賓+直賓:
He asked me whether he should accept the invitation.
They gave who came to the meeting a souvenir.
(3)介詞+賓從:
Thereis disagreement among economists about how inflation could be controlled.
6、it作形式賓語:
公式:主+謂+it+賓補+賓語從句
She considers it necessary that she investigates the case by herself.
The school makes it a rule that all students should not use phones in class. -
表語從句
1、定義:在一個句子中充當表語的從句
2、規則1:當陳述句充當另一個句子的表語從句時,引導詞用that,that不表達任何詞義:
The ttrouble is that I have lost his address.
3、規則2:當一般疑問句充當另一個句子的表語從句時,引導詞用whether,表達“是否”的詞義:
The question is whether the book is worth reading.
4、規則3:當特殊疑問句充當另一個句子的表語從句時,引導詞用特殊疑問詞,引導詞表達其原始詞義:
The question is How we can find him. -
主語從句
1、定義:在一句話中充當主語的從句
2、規則1:當陳述句充當另一個句子的主語從句時,引導詞用that,that不表達任何詞義:
That he finished the assignment in such a short time surprised us.
3、規則2:當一般疑問句充當另一個句子的主語從句時,引導詞用whether,表達“是否”的詞義:
Whether they will attend the lecture remains unknow.
4、規則3:當特殊疑問句充當另一個句子的主語從句時,引導詞用特殊疑問詞,引導詞表達其原始詞義:
Why he refused to cooperate with us remains unknown.
5、it作形式主語:當句子主語是從句時,可以用it作形式主語,將it置於句首,把真正的主語移到句尾:
It surprised us that he finished the assignment in such a short time .
It remains unknow whether they will attend the lecture .
It remains unknow why he refused to cooperate with us. -
同位語從句
1、定義:在一句話中充當同位語的從句
2、規則1:當陳述句充當另一個句子的同位語從句時,引導詞用that,that不表達任何詞義:
The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be untrue.
We can arrive at the conclusion that the trend will continue in the coming years.
3、規則2:當一般疑問句充當另一個句子的同位語從句時,引導詞用whether,表達“是否”的詞義:
Scientists have argued over the question whether there is life on other planets.
4、規則3:當特殊疑問句充當另一個句子的同位語從句時,引導詞用特殊疑問詞,引導詞表達其原始詞義:
The question who should be in charge of the project requires serious consideration.
5、同位語從句 VS 定語從句:
同位語從句:解釋說明名詞是什麼、位於抽象名詞後面、引導詞that在從句中不充當成分:
The news that he will resign is true.
定語從句:修飾限定名詞的範圍、位於任意名詞後面、that在從句中充當成分:
The news that surprised us is true.
6、同位語從句的間隔情況:
同位語從句通常跟在它解釋說明的名詞後面,但有些情況,其不緊跟在名詞後,而被其他的詞隔開:
Evidence came up that specific sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.
A thought suddenly occured to me that I might have been cheated.