英語語法日記Day6——主從句之名詞性從句

英語語法日記——主從句之名詞性從句

  • 名詞性從句
    1、分類:賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句、同位語從句
    2、注意事項:
    (1)四種名詞性從句的寫法基本一致,只是位置不同
    (2)從句部分都採用陳述句語序
    (3)引導詞特點:引導、弱化從句,連接主句和從句,分爲三類(陳述句、一般疑問句——只能用Yes/No回答、特殊疑問句)

  • 賓語從句
    1、在一個句子中充當賓語成分的從句
    2、規則1:當陳述句充當另一個句子的賓語從句時,引導詞用that,that不表達任何詞義:
    We know that the earth is round.
    3、規則2:當一般疑問句充當另一個句子的賓語從句時,引導詞用whether或if,表達“是否”的詞義:
    I don’t know whether he will sign the contract.
    4、規則3:當特殊疑問句充當另一個句子的賓語從句時,引導詞用特殊疑問詞,引導詞表達其原始詞義:
    We don’t know where he comes from.
    注意:特殊疑問詞在從句中作主語時無需調整從句語序:
    We don’t know who will chair the meeting.
    5、賓語從句的位置:
    (1)主+謂+賓從:
    The author maintains that women are biased professionally.
    (2)主+謂+間賓+直賓:
    He asked me whether he should accept the invitation.
    They gave who came to the meeting a souvenir.
    (3)介詞+賓從:
    Thereis disagreement among economists about how inflation could be controlled.
    6、it作形式賓語:
    公式:主+謂+it+賓補+賓語從句
    She considers it necessary that she investigates the case by herself.
    The school makes it a rule that all students should not use phones in class.

  • 表語從句
    1、定義:在一個句子中充當表語的從句
    2、規則1:當陳述句充當另一個句子的表語從句時,引導詞用that,that不表達任何詞義:
    The ttrouble is that I have lost his address.
    3、規則2:當一般疑問句充當另一個句子的表語從句時,引導詞用whether,表達“是否”的詞義:
    The question is whether the book is worth reading.
    4、規則3:當特殊疑問句充當另一個句子的表語從句時,引導詞用特殊疑問詞,引導詞表達其原始詞義:
    The question is How we can find him.

  • 主語從句
    1、定義:在一句話中充當主語的從句
    2、規則1:當陳述句充當另一個句子的主語從句時,引導詞用that,that不表達任何詞義:
    That he finished the assignment in such a short time surprised us.
    3、規則2:當一般疑問句充當另一個句子的主語從句時,引導詞用whether,表達“是否”的詞義:
    Whether they will attend the lecture remains unknow.
    4、規則3:當特殊疑問句充當另一個句子的主語從句時,引導詞用特殊疑問詞,引導詞表達其原始詞義:
    Why he refused to cooperate with us remains unknown.
    5、it作形式主語:當句子主語是從句時,可以用it作形式主語,將it置於句首,把真正的主語移到句尾:
    It surprised us that he finished the assignment in such a short time .
    It remains unknow whether they will attend the lecture .
    It remains unknow why he refused to cooperate with us.

  • 同位語從句
    1、定義:在一句話中充當同位語的從句
    2、規則1:當陳述句充當另一個句子的同位語從句時,引導詞用that,that不表達任何詞義:
    The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be untrue.
    We can arrive at the conclusion that the trend will continue in the coming years.
    3、規則2:當一般疑問句充當另一個句子的同位語從句時,引導詞用whether,表達“是否”的詞義:
    Scientists have argued over the question whether there is life on other planets.
    4、規則3:當特殊疑問句充當另一個句子的同位語從句時,引導詞用特殊疑問詞,引導詞表達其原始詞義:
    The question who should be in charge of the project requires serious consideration.
    5、同位語從句 VS 定語從句:
    同位語從句:解釋說明名詞是什麼、位於抽象名詞後面、引導詞that在從句中不充當成分:
    The news that he will resign is true.
    定語從句:修飾限定名詞的範圍、位於任意名詞後面、that在從句中充當成分:
    The news that surprised us is true.
    6、同位語從句的間隔情況:
    同位語從句通常跟在它解釋說明的名詞後面,但有些情況,其不緊跟在名詞後,而被其他的詞隔開:
    Evidence came up that specific sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.
    A thought suddenly occured to me that I might have been cheated.

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