MacOS下下载安装Docker，并pull mysql image我在很早之前做过了。不赘述了，很简单。
以下步骤简单记录我重新创建MySQL容器的命令，供日后参考。
启动Docker后，打开terminal，先查看现有images: docker images，我发现我有两个mysql镜像，于是删掉一个: docker rmi imageID
(base) Sophie-mbp:~ Sophie$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis latest dcf9ec9265e0 5 months ago 98.2MB
mysql 5.7 1e4405fe1ea9 5 months ago 437MB
mysql latest d435eee2caa5 5 months ago 456MB
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 15 months ago 1.84kB
(base) Sophie-mbp:~ Sophie$ docker rmi 1e4405fe1ea9
然后在Host机器目录（也就是我的电脑本尊）创建三个文件夹，分别用于存放mysql容器的data/config/log，并在docker里面配置进去：Preferences --> Resources --> FILE SHARING，然后Apply&Restart。
接下来创建并启动MySQL容器，把刚刚这三个目录mount到这个容器。
-p 3306:3306意思是将host机器的3306端口映射到docker container的3306端口
--name是配置容器名为MySQL
-v就是将host目录跟container目录映射起来，这样将来container没了，数据，配置，Log都还在
-e配置容器root密码
-d配置该容器来自哪个镜像
docker run -p 3306:3306 --name MySQL -v /Users/Sophie/Applications/docker/conf:/etc/mysql -v /Users/Sophie/Applications/docker/log:/var/log/mysql -v /Users/Sophie/Applications/docker/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=wobugaosunihahaha -d mysql:latest
然而不幸的是，我这个容器起起来就exit了...docker ps -a能看到过去所有的没有被删除的容器
然后用docker logs 容器ID查看日志（容器ID只用给出开头一部分字符，且能在所有容器ID里面确定唯一目标容器的开头部分字符即可）。由于我只有一个容器，所以我给出一个c就能唯一确定我想要查看的容器日志。
(base) Sophie-mbp:docker Sophie$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cd8943abd16b mysql:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 12 hours ago Exited (1) 12 hours ago MySQL
(base) Sophie-mbp:docker Sophie$ docker logs c
2020-04-24 03:22:00+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.18-1debian9 started.
2020-04-24 03:22:00+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'
2020-04-24 03:22:00+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.18-1debian9 started.
2020-04-24 03:22:00+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Initializing database files
2020-04-24T03:22:00.887123Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.18) initializing of server in progress as process 45
2020-04-24T03:22:11.425922Z 5 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
2020-04-24 03:22:20+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Database files initialized
2020-04-24 03:22:20+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Starting temporary server
mysqld: Error on realpath() on '/var/lib/mysql-files' (Error 2 - No such file or directory)
2020-04-24T03:22:20.621512Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010095] [Server] Failed to access directory for --secure-file-priv. Please make sure that directory exists and is accessible by MySQL Server. Supplied value : /var/lib/mysql-files
2020-04-24 03:22:20+00:00 [ERROR] [Entrypoint]: Unable to start server.
在日志里可以明确看出，问题出在 mysqld: Error on realpath() on '/var/lib/mysql-files' (Error 2 - No such file or directory)
就是说，我少挂载了一个目录，容器的/var/lib/mysql-files目录需要跟host的某个路径映射起来。
那么，删掉这个起不来的容器，重新来过吧，docker rm c (如果现有容器比较多的话，容器ID给长一点，由于我的目前只有一个
容器，那么只用给出一个开头字母就好了)
(base) Sophie-mbp:docker Sophie$ docker rm c
c
(base) Sophie-mbp:docker Sophie$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
(base) Sophie-mbp:docker Sophie$
很不幸，还是没有起来，docker ps里没有运行状态的容器，docker ps -a能看到我可怜的容器起来5秒就exit了。继续查看Log
(base) Sophie-mbp:docker Sophie$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
234d8e52707b mysql:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 25 seconds ago Exited (1) 20 seconds ago MySQL
(base) Sophie-mbp:docker Sophie$ docker logs 2
2020-04-24 15:07:22+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.18-1debian9 started.
2020-04-24 15:07:23+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'
2020-04-24 15:07:23+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.18-1debian9 started.
2020-04-24T15:07:24.154280Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010101] [Server] Insecure configuration for --secure-file-priv: Location is accessible to all OS users. Consider choosing a different directory.
2020-04-24T15:07:24.154360Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.18) starting as process 1
2020-04-24T15:07:24.162732Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010159] [Server] Setting lower_case_table_names=2 because file system for /var/lib/mysql/ is case insensitive
2020-04-24T15:07:25.113266Z 1 [ERROR] [MY-011087] [Server] Different lower_case_table_names settings for server ('2') and data dictionary ('0').
2020-04-24T15:07:25.113716Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010020] [Server] Data Dictionary initialization failed.
2020-04-24T15:07:25.113940Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2020-04-24T15:07:25.743324Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.18) MySQL Community Server - GPL.