Linux 實用工具——Tree 命令,文件目錄列表
簡介
瀏覽他人技術博客的時候,會看到用文本列出漂亮的文件夾目錄,實際大部分都是使用了Linux下的Tree命令。以下簡單介紹下Tree命令的格式和例子。
安裝
一般Linux系統是不自帶Tree命令工具的,可以通過以下命令獲取和安裝:
sudo apt-get install tree
格式
通過上述命令獲取後,可以通過一下命令顯示使用方法:
tree --help
顯示如下:
usage: tree [-acdfghilnpqrstuvxACDFJQNSUX] [-H baseHREF] [-T title ]
[-L level [-R]] [-P pattern] [-I pattern] [-o filename] [--version]
[--help] [--inodes] [--device] [--noreport] [--nolinks] [--dirsfirst]
[--charset charset] [--filelimit[=]#] [--si] [--timefmt[=]<f>]
[--sort[=]<name>] [--matchdirs] [--ignore-case] [--] [<directory list>]
------- Listing options -------
-a All files are listed.
-d List directories only.
-l Follow symbolic links like directories.
-f Print the full path prefix for each file.
-x Stay on current filesystem only.
-L level Descend only level directories deep.
-R Rerun tree when max dir level reached.
-P pattern List only those files that match the pattern given.
-I pattern Do not list files that match the given pattern.
--ignore-case Ignore case when pattern matching.
--matchdirs Include directory names in -P pattern matching.
--noreport Turn off file/directory count at end of tree listing.
--charset X Use charset X for terminal/HTML and indentation line output.
--filelimit # Do not descend dirs with more than # files in them.
--timefmt <f> Print and format time according to the format <f>.
-o filename Output to file instead of stdout.
-------- File options ---------
-q Print non-printable characters as '?'.
-N Print non-printable characters as is.
-Q Quote filenames with double quotes.
-p Print the protections for each file.
-u Displays file owner or UID number.
-g Displays file group owner or GID number.
-s Print the size in bytes of each file.
-h Print the size in a more human readable way.
--si Like -h, but use in SI units (powers of 1000).
-D Print the date of last modification or (-c) status change.
-F Appends '/', '=', '*', '@', '|' or '>' as per ls -F.
--inodes Print inode number of each file.
--device Print device ID number to which each file belongs.
------- Sorting options -------
-v Sort files alphanumerically by version.
-t Sort files by last modification time.
-c Sort files by last status change time.
-U Leave files unsorted.
-r Reverse the order of the sort.
--dirsfirst List directories before files (-U disables).
--sort X Select sort: name,version,size,mtime,ctime.
------- Graphics options ------
-i Don't print indentation lines.
-A Print ANSI lines graphic indentation lines.
-S Print with CP437 (console) graphics indentation lines.
-n Turn colorization off always (-C overrides).
-C Turn colorization on always.
------- XML/HTML/JSON options -------
-X Prints out an XML representation of the tree.
-J Prints out an JSON representation of the tree.
-H baseHREF Prints out HTML format with baseHREF as top directory.
-T string Replace the default HTML title and H1 header with string.
--nolinks Turn off hyperlinks in HTML output.
---- Miscellaneous options ----
--version Print version and exit.
--help Print usage and this help message and exit.
-- Options processing terminator.
可以看到最新的Tree命令工具在老版本基礎上已經做了很多擴展,分別有Listing、File 、Graphics、 XML/HTML/JSON 、
舉例
雖然現在功能越來越強大,但是對於大部分人來說常用的並不多,以下舉幾個常用的例子:
顯示全部層級的目錄和文件
tree -a
.
├── 1.txt
├── demo1
│ ├── CMakeCache.txt
│ ├── CMakeFiles
│ │ ├── 3.5.1
│ │ │ ├── CMakeCCompiler.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CMakeCXXCompiler.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CMakeDetermineCompilerABI_C.bin
│ │ │ ├── CMakeDetermineCompilerABI_CXX.bin
│ │ │ ├── CMakeSystem.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CompilerIdC
│ │ │ │ ├── a.out
│ │ │ │ └── CMakeCCompilerId.c
│ │ │ └── CompilerIdCXX
│ │ │ ├── a.out
│ │ │ └── CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp
│ │ ├── cmake.check_cache
│ │ ├── CMakeDirectoryInformation.cmake
│ │ ├── CMakeOutput.log
│ │ ├── CMakeTmp
│ │ ├── Demo.dir
│ │ │ ├── build.make
│ │ │ ├── cmake_clean.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CXX.includecache
│ │ │ ├── DependInfo.cmake
│ │ │ ├── depend.internal
│ │ │ ├── depend.make
│ │ │ ├── flags.make
│ │ │ ├── link.txt
│ │ │ ├── main.cc.o
│ │ │ └── progress.make
│ │ ├── feature_tests.bin
│ │ ├── feature_tests.c
│ │ ├── feature_tests.cxx
│ │ ├── Makefile2
│ │ ├── Makefile.cmake
│ │ ├── progress.marks
│ │ └── TargetDirectories.txt
│ ├── cmake_install.cmake
│ ├── CMakeLists.txt
│ ├── Demo
│ ├── main.cc
│ └── Makefile
└── demo2
顯示指定層級的目錄和文件
tree -L 2
// -L 指定目錄深度
.
├── 1.txt
├── demo1
│ ├── CMakeCache.txt
│ ├── CMakeFiles
│ ├── cmake_install.cmake
│ ├── CMakeLists.txt
│ ├── Demo
│ ├── main.cc
│ └── Makefile
└── demo2
顯示目錄/文件地址
tree -L 2 -f
.
├── ./1.txt
├── ./demo1
│ ├── ./demo1/CMakeCache.txt
│ ├── ./demo1/CMakeFiles
│ ├── ./demo1/cmake_install.cmake
│ ├── ./demo1/CMakeLists.txt
│ ├── ./demo1/Demo
│ ├── ./demo1/main.cc
│ └── ./demo1/Makefile
└── ./demo2
僅顯示目錄不顯示文件
tree -L3 -d
.
├── demo1
│ └── CMakeFiles
│ ├── 3.5.1
│ ├── CMakeTmp
│ └── Demo.dir
└── demo2
區分目錄和文件
tree -L 2 -F
.
├── 1.txt
├── demo1/
│ ├── CMakeCache.txt
│ ├── CMakeFiles/
│ ├── cmake_install.cmake
│ ├── CMakeLists.txt
│ ├── Demo*
│ ├── main.cc
│ └── Makefile
└── demo2/
不顯示目錄樹中的層級線
tree -L 2 -i
.
1.txt
demo1
CMakeCache.txt
CMakeFiles
cmake_install.cmake
CMakeLists.txt
Demo
main.cc
Makefile
demo2
顯示XML格式
tree -L 2 -X
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tree>
<directory name=".">
<file name="1.txt"></file>
<directory name="demo1">
<file name="CMakeCache.txt"></file>
<directory name="CMakeFiles">
</directory>
<file name="cmake_install.cmake"></file>
<file name="CMakeLists.txt"></file>
<file name="Demo"></file>
<file name="main.cc"></file>
<file name="Makefile"></file>
</directory>
<directory name="demo2">
</directory>
</directory>
<report>
<directories>3</directories>
<files>7</files>
</report>
</tree>
保存內容
tree -L 2 >> 1.txt
總結
作爲常用命令,Tree命令在平時使用中可以幫助我們快速瞭解當前的目錄/文件結構,也可以輔助寫處更漂亮的博客。