第四章-View的工作原理(MeasureSpec、LayoutParams)

主要介紹一下View的工作原理，還有自定義View的實現方法，在Android知識體系中，View是一個很重要的角色，簡單來說，View是Android中視覺的呈現。在界面上Android提供了一套完整的GUI庫，裏面有很多控件，但是有時候往往並不能滿足於需求，所以只有自定義View了。
除了View的三大流程之外，View常見的回調方法也是必須掌握的，比如構造方法，onAttach,onVisibilityChanged，onDetach，另外對於一些有滑動效果的自定義View，還要處理滑動事件和滑動衝突，總的來說，自定義View有幾種固定的類型，View或者ViewGroup，有的直接重寫原生控件。

1、初識ViewRoot和DecorView
在正式介紹View的三大流程之前，我們還是要了解一些基本的概念，本節主要介紹ViewRoot和DecorView的概念。

ViewRoot對應於ViewRootImpl類，他是連接WindowManager和DecorView的紐帶，View的三大流程都是通過ViewRoot來完成的，在ActivityThread中，當Activity被創建完畢後，會將DecorView添加到Window中，同時會創建ViewRootImpl對象，並將ViewRootImpl對象和DecorView建立聯繫，這個可以參照如下源碼：

root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(),display);
root.setView(view,wparams,panelParentView);

View的繪製流程從ViewRoot的perfromTraversals方法開始，它經過measure，layout和draw三個過程才能最終將View繪製出來，其中measure測量view的寬和高，layout確定view在父容器的位置，draw負責將view繪製在屏幕上，針對perfromTraversals的大致流程，可以用如下圖表示：

2、理解MeasureSpec

private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
private static final int MODE_MASK  = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;
public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;
public static final int EXACTLY     = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;
public static final int AT_MOST     = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;

public static int makeMeasureSpec(@IntRange(from = 0, to = (1 << MeasureSpec.MODE_SHIFT) - 1) int size,
								  @MeasureSpecMode int mode) {
	if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
		return size + mode;
	} else {
		return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
	}
}

public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
	//noinspection ResourceType
	return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
}

public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
	return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
}

• UNSPECIFIED

父容器不對View有任何的限制，要多大給多大，這種情況一般用於系統內部，表示一種測量的狀態

• EXACTLY

父容器已經檢測出View所需要的精度大小，這個時候View的最終大小就是SpecSize所指定的值，它對應於LayoutParams中的match_parent和具體的數值這兩種模式。

• AT_MOST

父容器指定了一個可用大小，即SpecSize，view的大小不能大於這個值，具體是什麼值要看不同view的具體實現。它對應於LayoutParams中wrap_content。

3、MeasureSpec 和 LayoutParams 的對應關係

下面看下DecorView的MeasureSpec創建過程：

對於DecorView來說，在ViewRootImpl中的measureHierarchy方法中有這麼一段代碼。他展示了DecorViwew的MeasureSpec創建過程，其中desiredWindowWidth和desiredWindowHeight是屏幕的尺寸

childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(baseSize, lp.width);
childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowHeight, lp.height);
performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);

接下來看下getRootMeasureSpec方法的實現：

private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
	int measureSpec;
	switch (rootDimension) {

	case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
		// Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize.
		measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
		break;
	case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
		// Window can resize. Set max size for root view.
		measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
		break;
	default:
		// Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size.
		measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
		break;
	}
	return measureSpec;
}

通過上述代碼，DecorView的MesourSpec的產生過程就很明確了，具體來說其遵守瞭如下格式，根據layoutparams的寬/高的參數來劃分

• LayouParams.MATCH_PARENT:精確模式，大小就是窗口的大小；
• LayouParams.WRAP_CONTENT:最大模式，大小不定，但是不能超出屏幕的大小；
• 固定大小（比如100dp）:精確模式，大小爲LayoutParams中指定的大小。

下面看下普通View的MeasureSpec創建過程：

對於普通的View來說，這裏是指我們佈局中的View,View的measure過程由ViewGroup傳遞而來，先看下ViewGroup的measureChildWithMargis方法

protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
	int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
	int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
	final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

	final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
			mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
					+ widthUsed, lp.width);
	final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
			mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
					+ heightUsed, lp.height);

	child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}

public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
	int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
	int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);

	int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);

	int resultSize = 0;
	int resultMode = 0;

	switch (specMode) {
	// Parent has imposed an exact size on us
	case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
		if (childDimension >= 0) {
			resultSize = childDimension;
			resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
		} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
			// Child wants to be our size. So be it.
			resultSize = size;
			resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
		} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
			// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
			// bigger than us.
			resultSize = size;
			resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
		}
		break;

	// Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
	case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
		if (childDimension >= 0) {
			// Child wants a specific size... so be it
			resultSize = childDimension;
			resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
		} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
			// Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
			// Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
			resultSize = size;
			resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
		} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
			// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
			// bigger than us.
			resultSize = size;
			resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
		}
		break;

	// Parent asked to see how big we want to be
	case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
		if (childDimension >= 0) {
			// Child wants a specific size... let him have it
			resultSize = childDimension;
			resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
		} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
			// Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
			// be
			resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
			resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
		} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
			// Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
			// big it should be
			resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
			resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
		}
		break;
	}
	//noinspection ResourceType
	return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}