头文件
#include <pthread.h>
互斥量初始化与销毁
int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex, const pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict attr);
int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
简单的使用可以使用默认的属性初始化互斥量，函数的后一个参数设置为NULL即可。
互斥量加锁解锁
int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthreadd_mutex_t *mutex);
读写锁初始化与销毁
int pthread_rwlock_init(pthread_rwlock_t *restrict rwlock, const pthread_rwlockattr_t *restrict attr);
int pthread_rwlock_destroy(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
读写锁加锁解锁
int pthread_rwlock_rdlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
int pthread_rwlock_wrlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
int pthread_rwlock_unlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
自旋锁
int pthread_spin_init(pthread_spinlock_t *lock, int pshared);
int pthread_spin_destroy(pthread_spinlock_t *lock);
int pthread_spin_lock(pthread_spinlock_t *lock);
int pthread_spin_trylock(pthread_spinlock_t *lock);
int pthread_spin_unlock(pthread_spinlock_t *lock);
参考资料：