.NET5发布，这个微软“全家桶”会是.NET的春天吗？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在全面开源的步伐下，微软也逐步跟上了脚步，作为微软最早迈向开源的重要软件之一，.NET 5的发布对微软及其使用者都具有重要意义。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微软未来目标是将所有的 .NET 组件整合到一个产品下，然后用户可以根据需求使用 .NET 的某个部分，而不是单独下载或安装所有内容。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于Visual Studio用户，需要Visual Studio 16.8或更高的版本才能在Windows上使用.NET 5.0，在MacOS上使用最新版本的Visual Studio for Mac)。Visual Studio Code的C#扩展也已经支持.NET5.0和C#9。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"NET 5.0是.NET统一之旅的第一个版本。微软希望 .NET Framework 开发者能够迁移他们的代码和应用到 .NET 5.0 上，为明年发布的 .NET 6.0 将 Xamarin 开发者过渡到统一平台奠定基础。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"版本发布时间轴：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/26/262e73f5b4884ac289066657e54df64c.jpeg","alt":"","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":".NET Core 3.0 已于2019/09推出","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":".NET Core 3.1 已于 2019/12推出，为 LTS (Long Term Support，长期支援版)，之后.NET Core 将更名.NET，固定每年释出新版，并定义双数版号为LTS版，单数版号为Current版。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":".NET 5.0 2020/11","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":".NET 6.0 LTS 2021/11","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":".NET 7.0 2022/11","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":".NET 8.0 LTS 2023/11","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如有兴趣，可以体验一下，历来发布资料及地址：https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet/5.0","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/56/56bac10b45c8c571256829f2a62cb47b.jpeg","alt":"","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/da/dae3415522546f285ec7c0de5e48bd45.jpeg","alt":"","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":".NET 5.0是.NET Framework和.NET Core核心的结合，旨在统一.NET平台。.NET 5.0毫无疑问代表的是.NET的未来，但是目前国内大部分企业使用的依然是.NET Framework，不过长期来看，升级似乎不可避免。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/6b/6ba2d6f86b88c95780a298e8fc92a187.png","alt":"","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为了充分论证.NET5的性能，自首个预览版发布以来微软已经进行了广泛的内部部署，除了在 .NET 5.0 上运行.NET网站外，Bing也在使用这个新平台。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"并在此次更新中强调了一些比较显著的变化，包括一些性能上的改进。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是微软发布的此版本的相关亮点：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1..NET 5.0 已经部署到 http://dot.net和 http://Bing.com 托管数月，已经得到了实战检验。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.很多组件的性能都得到了极大的提高。.NET 5.0 中 ARM64 的性能 和 GRPC 等都有改善","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.C# 9和F# 5提供了新的语言改进，如C# 9的顶层程序和记录，而F# 5则提供了交互式编程和.NET上功能编程的性能提升。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4..NET库对Json序列化、正则表达式和HTTP（HTTP 1.1、HTTP/2）的性能有所提升。它们现在也被完全注释为可空性。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"5.由于GC、分层编译等方面的完善，P95延迟有所下降。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"6.应用部署选项更好了，有了ClickOnce客户端应用发布、单文件应用、容器镜像尺寸减小，并增加了Server Core容器镜像。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"7.平台范围扩大，增加了WindowsArm64和WebAssembly。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"8.一个值得注意的变化是，.NET 5.0应用可以原生运行在ARM64 Windows设备上，消除了仿真带来的一些性能障碍。然而，在这个版本中，Windows 桌面组件并不能用于ARM64设备--这计划在.NET 5.0的服务更新中进行。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近几年.NET Core 的开源项目也非常活跃，随着.net5的发布，这些项目将会逐步整合到.net5及之后的版本中。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"但是有几点需要特别注意：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前的.NET5虽然已经足够强，但严格来说依然属于实现阶段，.NET6.0或许更值得期待。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前关于.net5的挺多升级并未在实际中讨论，例如正则性能提升，静态正则缓存；Kestrel 的通信性能提升，支持Http3； 证书互转，增强 SSL 通信；readonly struct 在内部的应用；HttpClient 人性化的 Api，支持 webassembly， 支持序列化结果，支持 Quic 等；Json 支持字段序列化，只读类型序列化，Web类型序列化，循环引用序列化等特性；GC 可分配 no zero 的内存空间，分配“固定住”的大堆空间，GCMemoryInfo 等等。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果并没有急切的需求，目前并不建议升级至5.0，可以将5.0作为研究跳板，在明年微软发布6.0LTS长期维护版本的时候再考虑升级，降低风险。当然，这个需要根据实际情况进行评估。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"......","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"接下来","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，放一个.NET Core3.1升级.NET5可能遇到的坑，以作参考，不需要的可以略过此部分，作者“dotnet跨平台”。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/55/55c7dfb0dbc8ec75cbb6965f58ef43c8.png","alt":"","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此前Scott Hunter在博客信誓旦旦.NET Core3.1平滑迁移.NET5，于是当天就去升级我的宝藏项目，结果是大坑没有，小坑不断，折腾了一天时间才搞定，下面来仔细捋一捋，给搭建提供点参考。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"背景介绍","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"升级的项目是之前开源在Github上，也曾一周新增300star，后面虽因故关闭了，但我个人是非常用心的。这不.NET5刚发布，第一时间就开始了升级。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"项目是个微信小程序商城，后端是微服务架构支撑的，Ocelot网关+Consul服务注册发现+Core WebApi+gRPC+IdentityServer4都安排上了，整体还是比较复杂的，MongoDB、Redis、RabbitMQ也都安排上了，然后就在.NET Core3.1升级.NET5的过程中，各种踩坑。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/9c/9cd8a3b7eb17a45d454807c853841087.png","alt":"","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"VS升级坑","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"升级的第一个坑来自于VS工具升级！之前.NET5预览版、RC1、RC2都是用的Visual Studio 2019 Preview,这会儿.NET5正式版发现只需要把Visual Studio 2019升级到V16.8即可，然后就兴冲冲的升级去了，结果当头一棒：Visual Studio Installer提示网络未连接无法下载！当然不是我的网络问题，其实是DNS解析上出了毛病(部分用户会遇到，解决办法是把电脑的DNS设置为8.8.8.8即可)，但毕竟当时是11号凌晨，以为是微软官方同步不够，我就选择换工具，直接去Linux下用VS Code升级了，然后就开始了第二波环境坑！","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"经验：如果遇到Visual Studio Installer提示网络未连接无法下载，可以将当前电脑DNS设置为8.8.8.8即可","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Linux环境坑","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Linux环境下VS Code开发之前都蛮熟悉了，这次想着是升级.NET5，就顺手把Linux系统从CentOS7给换成了CentOS8，然后又华丽丽的各种坑。比如CentOS8中网卡名字从ens33变成了eth0，用nftables替代iptables，各种小变化让人防不胜防，然后docker最新版本的命令也跟之前有些小变化，导致之前整理的Linux+Docker操作笔记各种失灵，来来回回折腾了好几个小时。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当然，环境只是环境，折腾完就过去了，而代码迁移层面的坑才是最麻烦的，因为并不知道还有多少没发现！","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/44/44211784467550d336ebb4f4eaef1f17.png","alt":"","title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":".NET5迁移坑坑坑","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"项目从.NET Core3.1升级到.NET5非常easy，在 global.json 中将SDK版本从3.1升级成5.0，再将TargetFramework从netcoreapp3.1换成net5.0即可。还有部分类库命名空间变化完全没关系，宇宙第一IDE的智能提示轻松解决。但是，在真实项目迁移过程中，我却遇到了各种小问题：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1.Core WebApi框架模板项目中默认集成了swagger，这个是新增的，但之前项目有一些自定义配置和扩展，也导致了冲突。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.IdentityServer4第三方框架版本升级，API变化很有点多，改动不了不少代码，这个锅虽然不是.NET5的，但也是升级项目会遇到的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.尝试C#9花了一些时间，想体验下新语法新特性，如Native ints原生Ints、Pattern matching improvements模式匹配改进版，结果几次把自己绕进去了。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4.项目升级完发现的Bug，DateTime这个天天见的值出现了变化，在 ASP.NET Core 3.1 及更早版本中，DateTime绑定的是服务器本地时间，而5.0之后，DateTime绑定的是UTCTime。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http://www.learun.cn/","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Learun","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":".net","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}