蘋果或於明年下架竊取用戶隱私的 App，加強對用戶隱私的保護

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們通常都是看到某 App 被曝光未經允許跟蹤用戶隱私後，才發現自己也在使用同一款 App，後知後覺地吐槽。對於 iPhone 用戶來說，或許明年以後就不用擔心這種情況的發生了。據報道，蘋果高管警告稱，從 2021 年開始，蘋果可能會刪除未經允許跟蹤用戶的應用程序，此舉有望提高iPhone用戶的隱私安全性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"跟蹤用戶隱私？蘋果：刪了它"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據報道稱，蘋果即將推出的這項新功能名叫 App Tracking Transparency，該功能原計劃於 2020 年初推出，但因故推遲。蘋果希望開發者調整 App 以解決隱私問題。蘋果威脅稱，如果 App 的開發者拒絕使用這項新功能，蘋果將會把該 App 從 App Store 中刪除。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從蘋果的開發者官網中可以看到對 App Tracking Transparency 這項功能的介紹："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果您的應用收集有關最終用戶的數據並將其與其他公司共享，以跨應用和網站進行跟蹤，請使用 AppTrackingTransparency 框架。AppTrackingTransparency 框架向用戶提出應用程序跟蹤授權請求，並提供跟蹤授權狀態。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"要使用 AppTrackingTransparency 框架，請執行以下操作："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"設置一個在用戶設備上顯示的系統權限警報請求。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"調用以向最終用戶顯示應用程序跟蹤授權請求。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用來確定應用跟蹤許可的狀態。請參閱以獲取狀態枚舉。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"更多詳情請移步"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/documentation\/apptrackingtransparency","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"蘋果開發者官網"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一些科技公司和廣告商對蘋果這一新功能產生了質疑，他們覺得這一舉措明顯傷害到了一部分開發商，例如遊戲公司，很多不需要用戶“氪金”的遊戲公司都是依靠廣告來獲得收益。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對此，蘋果軟件工程資深副總裁 Craig Federighi 認爲，用戶應該有權知道自己是否被追蹤。Craig Federighi 表示：“明年（2021 年）年初，我們就會要求所有 App 支持這一新功能，如果想追蹤就必須獲得用戶明確的許可。如果開發者未能達標，蘋果可以將 App 從 App Store 下架。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有數字廣告公司認爲，大多用戶會給予 App 許可權。Craig Federighi 稱：“如果你的業務模式建立在侵入式追蹤之上，那你就不會追求透明，也不會尊重用戶選擇。”他還說有些企業肆無忌憚，極力想維持侵犯隱私的現狀，蘋果希望世界看清這一點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Craig Federighi 指出，行業將會調整，在沒有侵入式追蹤的前提下提供有效的廣告。他說：“讓一切回到正軌需要時間、需要合作、需要傾聽。我們相信結果將是革命性的。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"網友看法"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們上午在瀏覽器中搜索了某品牌的硬盤評測後，下午就會收到來自於淘寶、京東推送的硬盤廣告。廣告商總能對廣告進行精準投放，需要對每位用戶都進行標記，即俗稱的設備唯一標識。一般情況下，Android 設備常用的有三種設備標識："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Device ID；可以用系統提供的TelephonyManager 服務來獲取，具有唯一性。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IMEI：國際移動設備識別碼，即我們通常所說的手機序列號；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"mac Address：局域網地址，包含了wifi mac 和藍牙mac，用來確認網上設備位置的地址，通常用於獲取用戶的地理位置信息。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而在 iOS 設備中，蘋果自 iOS 5 起陸續禁止了 IMEI、UDID、mac Address 和 openUDID 等多種標識方式，目前有兩種主要的標識方式："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IDFA：廣告標識符，於 iOS 6 時代發佈，即滿足廣告商的追蹤需求，又避免用戶設備不被 App 過度追蹤的解決方案；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IDFV：應用開發商標識符，用於分析用戶在應用內的行爲，一般卸載軟件後就會被重置。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然蘋果在保護用戶隱私方面下了很大力氣，但“上有政策，下有對策。”依舊有很多廣告廠商利用蘋果的規則漏洞在未經允許的情況下獲取用戶的隱私信息。而這次，蘋果將強制下架那些未經允許跟蹤用戶隱私的應用程序，在很大程度上杜絕了這種跟蹤用戶隱私的行爲。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於蘋果此舉，網友的評論褒貶不一。有人覺得蘋果這麼做只是爲了“甩鍋”，調用位置也是因爲蘋果進行了授權；也有人覺得蘋果這麼做很對，支持保護隱私。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"擺在桌面的“隱私”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"收疫情影響，今年的 315 晚會變成了“715 晚會”，在 7 月 16 日播出的 315 晚會上，央視曝光了 App的第三方插件擅自獲取用戶隱私的亂象。據報道，這些插件會在用戶不知情的情況下，讀取電話號碼、短信、通訊錄、地理位置等信息，並上傳到自己的服務器。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/11\/34\/1144fced1903eb61bef682efb9f3a834.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"圖片來源於微博"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/45\/7c\/4554002162775d0b65730578aa81ea7c.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":true,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"圖片來源於微博"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"保護好用戶隱私本該是理所應當的，可現在卻成了蘋果在 WWDC 上“炫耀”的一點，數字化的時代與個人數據是息息相關的。你不知道服務商會在什麼時候記錄你的行爲，也不知道它們會把你的數據送往何處並用於何處，最終你可能只會在手機上看到一個推送，然後驚訝地說：“它怎麼會知道我想買這個？”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"用戶只是被動接受結果的一方，對隱私的不瞭解和不重視最終促成了習以爲常。淘寶記錄用戶的購物習慣，瀏覽器獲取用戶的搜索信息，最終在用戶打開淘寶的時候精準地推送了相關的廣告。在很多用戶可能會覺得無所謂，可以接受用隱私換取便利的這個時代下，蘋果強硬的態度反倒成了獨樹一幟的行爲。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對此，你有什麼看法呢？你支持蘋果強制下架未經允許跟蹤用戶隱私的應用程序這一行爲嗎？歡迎在留言區分享你的觀點。"}]}]}