Swift性能优化分析

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自从2014年Apple发布Swift语言以来，历时六年多，Swift已经发布到5.3版本，在5.0版本已经ABI stability，5.2版本也已经module stability，不管是语言还是基础库都日趋稳定，目前国内外大厂也都积极拥抱Swift阵营。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"绝大多数公司选择Swift语言开发iOS应用，主要原因是因为Swift相比Objc有更快的运行效率，更加安全的类型检测，更多现代语言的特性提升开发效率；这一系列的优点使Swift语言的热度越来越高。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"大多数人知道Swift语言相比于Objc语言运行效率更高，但是却不知道为什么效率更高，在这里我们Swift编译层探讨一下Swift语言高效的原因。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"更加高效的数据类型","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在开始讨论Swift数据类型之前，我们先讨论一下Swift的函数派发机制；","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"静态派发、动态派发、消息派发(static 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dispatch))机制；Objc采用了运行时采用","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"obj_msgsend","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"进行消息派发，所以Objc的一些动态特性在Swift里面也可以被限制的使用。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"静态派发相比于动态派发更快，而且静态派发还会进行内联等一些优化，减少函数的寻址及内存地址的偏移计算等一系列操作，使函数的执行速度更快，性能更高。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"数据类型(struct/class)","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们都知道，内存分配可以分为堆区(Heap)和栈区(Stack)。由于栈区内存是连续的，内存的分配和销毁是通过入栈和出栈操作进行的，速度要高于堆区。堆区存储高级数据类型，在数据初始化时，查找没有使用的内存，销毁时再从内存中清除，所以堆区的数据存储不一定是连续的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"类(class)和结构体(struct)在内存分配上是不同的，基本数据类型和结构体默认分配在栈区，而像类这种高级数据类型存储在堆区，且堆区数据存储不是线程安全的，在频繁的数据读写操作时，要进行加锁操作。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们在swift文档里面能看到对结构的描述，结构体是值类型(Value 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