從 Flask 到 FastAPI 的平滑遷移

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文最初發佈於 BetterProgramming，經原作者授權由 InfoQ 中文站翻譯並分享。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文將介紹 FastAPI 背後的基本概念，以及將 Flask 服務器過渡到 FastAPI 服務器所涉及的步驟和代碼對比以供參考。根據 官方文檔，FastAPI 的框架是："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"… 一個現代、快速（高性能）的 Web 框架，基於標準 Python 類型提示，使用 Python 3.6+ 構建 API。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"衆所周知，Flask 是百分百 WSGI（Web Server Gateway Interface，Web 服務器網關接口）的微型 web 框架。隨着發展，ASGI（Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface，異步服務器網關接口）作爲 WSGI 精神的繼承者，實現了在 I\/O 綁定的語境下的高吞吐量，支持 HTTP\/2 以及 WebSockets，這些都是 WSGI 所不能及的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨着科技的發展，快如閃電的 ASGI 服務器 Uvicorn 誕生了。然而，Uvicorn 也僅僅只是一個不具備任何路由功能的 web 服務器。Starlette 的出現則是在 ASGI 的服務器（Uvicorn、Daphne，以及 Hypercorn）的基礎上提供了一套完整的 ASGI 工具箱。如果要說這二者有什麼直接的區別，Starlette 是 ASGI 的 web 框架，而 Flask 則是 WSGI 的 web 框架。"}]}]}