零基础工程师绘图指南,半小时水平越级提升!

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"点击前往 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http://www.weishidong.com/docs/uml/","title":""},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"工程师绘图与设计实践指南专栏","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":" 查看完整的绘图技巧","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作为一名工程师,绘图可以说是必备的技能。优秀的绘图能力就像写得一手好字,总能让你在团队或者客户面前","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"闪光","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":",这也是你赢得团队青睐和客户赞扬的一个重要能力。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/b5/b5468fc4af79d49c662c25128eb4a13b.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"绘图的过程其实是","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"分解任务","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"和*","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic","attrs":{}}],"text":"分离关注点","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"*的过程,它和程序设计的过程几乎重叠,因此绘图和程序设计是","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"正向相互促进","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"的。也就是说,你在绘图的过程中发现的问题很有可能会在程序中出现,你在程序中要面对的问题很有可能在绘图的过程中就发现了,早发现早处理。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"为什么别人画的图比我的好看?有什么技巧吗?画图丑是天生的吗?我能不能通过短时间的学习绘制出逼格高的程序设计图呢?","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"绘图是点、线、面、光影和色彩的融合,想要设计出漂亮的图,可以阅读设计领域的相关知识,","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"跨界是目前你跟同领域对手拉开差距的优选之一","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。今天我们就来学习如何画得一手好图,画好图有哪些技巧和策略,并手把手带你绘制程序设计过程中常用的时序图、流程图、应用分层架构图。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"Processon","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://processon.com/","title":""},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ProcessOn","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":" 是一个在线作图的聚合平台, 运营方是北京大麦地信息技术有限公司。ProcessOn 的绘图基于浏览器,因此它不受操作系统限制,可以跨平台操作。ProcessOn 的画布分为两大类:思维导图画布和自由画布。思维导图画布专注于节点属性和关系的构建,图 1 是思维导图画布的模板示例。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/bc/bc70e89f87683fda494b9694f031948f.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自由画布则给我们提供了尽情挥洒的空间,我们可以在自由画布中绘制 UML 类图、功能模块组合图、事件流程图和应用架构图等,图 2 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展示了不同版本的价格与功能差异。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/a1/a1e15265a476d186450c87686bcff001.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"用户注册登录后就可以使用免费版,虽说它限制了单个账户文件数量,但我们可以通过邀请好友来提升文件数量上限。值得一提的是,一个文件里可以绘制多幅图,这样文件上限的问题就缓解了。不过如果是团队使用或者商用,建议购买个人版或者团队版,一方面能够支持开发团队提供更稳定的服务和丰富的功能,另一方面也尊重原创劳动。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"金山 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完胜。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我之前用过很长一段时间的 ProcessOn,《","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://item.jd.com/12794078.html","title":""},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Python3 反爬虫原理与绕过实战","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"》这本书创作的时候书中插图都是用在 ProcessOn 绘制的。偶然看到了 diagrams,体验过一次之后就全面转到 diagrams 了。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/cf/cf4427b36e454164ef8f55954647edaf.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"50%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本篇文章将基于 diagrams 的桌面应用,请各位读者自行前往 diagrams 官网下载适合自己操作系统的桌面应用。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"小知识:diagrams 还有另外一个域名,draw.io,当你看到其他地方介绍 draw 绘图工具时,大概率指的就是 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ACK。汽车发出的信号通常是灯光或声音,信号的实际接收者是按下锁按键的钥匙拥有者,由此我们可以再完善一下这幅时序图。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/70/70e543c2f89cad9794d597c0b66d05d2.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上图就是完整的汽车上锁和解锁时序图,你学会了吗?","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"小提示:在表达时序图角色时,冒号左边描述的是角色名称、右侧描述的是角色,如果冒号左边没有内容则代表这是一个匿名角色。如果想要更具体一些,可以改为“韦世东:钥匙拥有者”、“奔驰:汽车”。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"绘制流式处理流程图","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"配色知识那个小节中用到的图示描述的就是流式处理,在 Kafka 流式处理的思想中(我没看过 Spark 和 Flink 的模型),流式处理是一端作为起始输入、一端作为最终输出、中间可以有多个处理环节的一种组合。由此我们可以画出如下图所示的基本结构。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/9b/9b82110bd8b67155e91e5ec62551716a.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"然后在中间放置多个处理环节,这些处理环节实际上就是一个个程序,它们从 Kafka 中获取数据,处理完成后又放回去。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/99/9904c06798034c12db6d8fabb0e94b15.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上图就是完整的流式处理流程图,你学会了吗?","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"绘制移动端应用分层架构图","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"相对於单个模块的时序图和简单环节的流程图而言,Web 应用分层架构更复杂,需要的图形也更多。假设我们要用图表达一款移动端应用的架构图,要清晰有条理地展现出整个系统的最大执行单元之间的关系,你会怎么做呢?","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在已知需求和功能模块的情况下,我们要做的第一件事就是分层。分层不仅能在绘图中发挥重要作用,在软件开发和设计中也是十分重要的,它能够让执行单元之间的责任更清晰明确。我们先来简单粗略的划分一下:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":"1","normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"能为用户提供服务的视为应用层;","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"负责存储应用数据的视为存储层;","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由此我们可以画出如下图所示的基本结构。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/97/97fe98777492be22925d671ec1f0e591.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"再来看看实际开发中是否需要加入其他组件,例如提","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"高查询性能的缓存","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"、*","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic","attrs":{}}],"text":"削峰填谷的消息队列","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"*、负责","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"请求转发的网关","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"等,加上这些组件后图就变成了下面这样。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/de/de40f01ce9c0045390ed3606177a310b.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这里你不必深究每个层级的具体划分和层级名称,我们先把结构画出来。想一想,好像还需要加上","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"监控","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。监控对整个工程链路负责,它是一套单独的组件,不参与分层,放到侧面表示会更合适。后端的整个结构就出来了,这里我们顺便把","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"用户端","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"也补上。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/a9/a90741dfcd17198f9e067e98e57a1a21.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"接下来我们将","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"具体的应用","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"补充进来,让整个程序看起来更丰满、更完整。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/90/905e4be98d685089d8baa150cec0ae40.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"接着让我们表达出更贴近真实场景的效果,假设服务基于 Kubernetes、Redis 采用集群和、MySQL 也采用集群,那么我们可以为它们加上贴切的图标。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一些漂亮的图形可以在 C 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http://www.weishidong.com/docs/uml","attrs":{}}]}]}
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