Linus Torvalds抨击英特尔：你正在扼杀整个ECC行业

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"新年之初，Linus一则关于 ECC（纠错码）内存的帖子引起技术社区的广泛关注与讨论。作为Linux的缔造者，Linus Torvalds指责英特尔阻止纠错内存的普及，并“以糟糕的市场细分方式毁掉了整个ECC行业”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/50\/e9\/50e8ba2a0fd1bb6bd5c27ccca47a4fe9.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ECC，即error-correcting code，即纠错码。ECC内存使用单独的奇偶校验位来验证从内存处读取到的数据与写入数据是否相同。如果不进行此项检查，则内存极易受到偶发损坏的影响，包括因宇宙背景辐射而引发的内存记录翻转等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，内存还可能受到Rowhammer攻击技术的影响。此项技术能快速重复读取同一内存位置上的数据，并导致相邻位置的比特改变其存储状态。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而ECC内存则能很好地解决这些问题（特别是在应对Rowhammer攻击方面），已经拥有50多年历史，但在大多数个人计算机上还不见其踪影。当然，成本是个重要因素，但真正令Linus感到困惑的是，英特尔已经开始在其至强系列芯片中支持ECC，相当于把这项功能引入了服务器与高端工作站；但是在酷睿等芯片家族中，ECC仍然继续缺席。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/aa\/0f\/aa3e2e425e0c50c500603b596878a70f.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"图片截自英特尔宣传视频"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"英特尔在官网的一段"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/processors\/xeon\/the-value-of-ecc-memory-for-servers.html","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"宣传视频"}]},{"type":"text","text":"中解释称，“随着当今CPU与内存运行速度快速提升，软内存错误的发生频率也越来越高……关键数据的损坏，可能对业务绩效乃至企业声誉造成灾难性影响。英特尔至强处理器与纠错码——或称ECC内存——协同运作，能够自动查找并修复软内存错误。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"英特尔的另一则广告则宣称“约有三分之一的系统每年会遇到至少一项可纠正的内存错误……目前，ECC内存仅供服务器使用，桌面PC尚不受支持。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在Real World Tech论坛上，关于AMD全新Zen 3 Ryzen 9 5000系列处理器的讨论中也出现了这个话题。目前，AMD大多数处理器均具有半官方支持的ECC功能。一位神经大条的贡献者表示“我觉得AMD不提供官方支持的ECC也没什么关系，我们一样能做。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但Linus反驳道，“ECC非常重要，这里表达的是一种态度。从ECC实施策略的角度来看，英特尔简直是在毒害整个行业乃至每位用户。如果大家不相信我，请回顾看看Rowhammer这东西已经出现了多少代。每更新一代，英特尔和存储器制造商就得为修复头痛好一阵子……没错，这些问题的根源，就是英特尔提出的'消费者不需要ECC'这个错误的假设，这个假设还让ECC存储器市场彻底消失了。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"值此安全问题得到高度关注的时期，这项争议开始快速升温。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"总结来讲，批评一方认为英特尔的市场营销决策阻碍了用户使用更加安全的技术（Rowhammer只是众多潜在攻击手段之一），也妨碍了PC设备在稳定性方面的正常发展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Linus指出，“其实ECC这件事根本没什么可争的。现在就连存储器制造商自己都在内部开发ECC方案，很明显，他们证明了事情就该这么办。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他还强调至强系列的高售价影响了产品普及。“我一直在关注至强CPU产品，但里面的账，恕我算不清楚。英特尔的脑回路清奇，总是逼着消费者用5倍价钱购买2倍性能。所以在个人工作站上，我最终还是选择了英特尔的消费级CPU。虽然随着Ryzen与Threadripper的出现，至强芯片的价格有所下降，但降幅还是太小、变化也来得太晚。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"正所谓做人留一线、日后好相见。Torvalds又缓和了一下紧张气氛，“当然，除了在ECC这事上有点立场问题，我对英特尔的消费级产品总体还是很满意的。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ECC内存还需要主板与CPU的配合支持，而面对AMD逐步将ECC作为产品卖点，英特尔恐怕也将很快拿出相应的营销策略。Torvalds指出，“英特尔这种操纵市场的行为放大了用户对于其他替代产品的需求。ARM很乐意拿出解决方案，而目前看来AMD的行动还更快。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"AMD Ryzen系列芯片已经能够支持ECC。但由于不属于官方功能，因此在不少主板上无法实现，产品宣传中也极少提及，导致大多数商业用户并不敢过多依赖这种不够稳妥的功能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"原文链接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2021\/01\/04\/linus_torvalds_intel_killed_ecc\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2021\/01\/04\/linus_torvalds_intel_killed_ecc\/"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}