2021中國雲計算市場展望：行業變革的三大關鍵

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 開年的疫情加速了傳統企業數字化轉型的進程，“新基建”政策的提出讓市場對雲計算的需求更加噴湧，自主可控、本土開源的如火如荼讓行業變得更加規範化、透明化、標準化。中國的雲計算市場格局雖然相對穩定，但暗流之下湧動的競爭卻愈發激烈。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021 年，中國雲計算市場迎來了變革之時，只有技術、生態和開源“三位一體”的雲，纔有可能在新的歷史機遇和市場機會下走得更遠。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲計算，變革來臨時"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“軟件正在吞噬世界”，10 年前當 Marc Andreessen（Netscape 創始人）說出這句論斷時，沒有幾個人認同他的觀點。可是後來，硅谷的神話印證了這句話的先見之明。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“我完全搞不懂那幫傢伙在說些什麼，簡直就是一派胡扯。雲計算到底是指什麼?”當 Larry Ellison（Oracle 創始人）說出這句論斷時，附和聲此起彼伏頗爲統一。可是後來，雲計算吞噬了軟件，席捲了全球。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/26\/26c9eaec7dc21e0644b6b047a3b724cb.webp","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"IT 世界版“大魚喫小魚”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一個時代有一個時代的 IT 底座。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從 1960 年大型機的出現，到 80 年代小型機的獨領風騷，再到 PC 時代的 Wintel 聯盟，最近的則是 Intel 和 Linux 結合帶來的分佈式計算的巔峯。數字世界的 IT 底座一直在不斷地演化、變遷、革新。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲計算，就是當下這個時代的 IT 底座。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在國內，“新基建”政策下掀起了傳統企業數字化轉型浪潮，建設數字化經濟、提升 GDP 佔比更需要雲計算的全面加持，再加上雲計算天然的降本增效、彈性伸縮的特性，時代的需求交織在一起，掀起了這場全面雲化的浪潮。如果說過去的雲計算是與泛互聯網場景的耦合，那麼從現在到未來的雲計算將會是傳統實體經濟與全場景智慧的深度耦合。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲計算行業有兩個看起來似乎矛盾的特點：馬太效應與不確定性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"前者似乎揭示了這個行業贏家通喫的市場規律：國內市場「HAT」三足鼎立趨勢凸顯，其他中小云都在夾縫中艱難求生。後者卻是雲計算市場背景的真實寫照：需求遠比服務多，雲計算市場規模增速仍舊迅猛，未來充滿了不確定性，蓋棺定論的時候遠未到來。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲的世界以技術爲先，但驅動雲計算行業發展的，永遠不會只有技術一條。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技術、生態與開源"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"市場需要怎樣的雲？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這個問題是長久以來擺在各大雲服務廠商面前的一大難題。雲計算服務的同質化現象日趨嚴重，而全面雲化的浪潮帶來的與全行業的深度耦合，又提出了更加多元化的市場需求："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你不能用泛互聯網的打法去做政企，就像你不能用錘子去擰螺絲。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據《IDC：向以云爲中心轉變加速下的市場新特點新機遇》的報告顯示，未來雲計算行業將呈現出技術生態化、需求多樣化、模式豐富化、管理複雜化的新特點，由此也將帶來新的機遇和挑戰。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事實上，技術 \/ 產品的多樣化仍舊是市場關注的核心，但合作生態、擁抱開源也是影響雲計算服務的另外兩個關鍵因素。只有三位一體的雲，纔是能走得更加長遠的雲。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技術：底層要自研、上層立標準"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲計算服務是一整套的解決方案，可分可合、彈性擴展、按需使用的特性決定了技術的重要性。技術和產品的多樣化決定了雲計算服務滿足多樣化場景各異需求的能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當前，雲計算技術的發展也進入了深水區。人工智能、大數據、雲計算技術深度耦合，5G、區塊鏈等新興技術帶來更大的想象空間，雲、邊、端協同的技術發展趨勢日益明顯。而在此之上的，是多樣化算力變遷帶來的軟硬件協同發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IT 領域有兩條相伴相生的定律：摩爾定律與安迪·比爾定律，前者揭示了硬件性能提升的規律，後者解釋了硬件提升的性能是如何被軟件所榨乾的。只做硬件，你就沒有生態。只做軟件，你就失去了基石。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"何以解憂？唯有自研。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在軟硬件協同的大背景下，對底層多架構算力與上層軟件之間的適配、調優帶來了更高標準。國內各大雲巨頭也看到了這個趨勢，開始在芯片、服務器的底層硬件與操作系統、數據庫到雲服務的全棧打通戰略投入。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HAT 三家中，華爲雲早已在服務器、芯片和操作系統等領域做到了一騎絕塵，阿里雲自研了神龍服務器、含光芯片，騰訊雲 2020 年成立了星星海硬件實驗室。從軟件到硬件，從計算到存儲，從平臺到架構，中國技術已經成熟。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技術、產品和服務，是參與競爭的前提。但制定競爭規則的，卻永遠是掌握了標準定義權的那羣人。如果說雲計算在技術上有一個業界廣泛認可的發展趨勢，那一定是雲原生。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"CNCF 大中華區總裁 Keith Chan 去年末曾表示："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“新冠疫情從根本上改變了商業模式，工作流向線上遷移的速度比以往任何時候都要快，越來越多的企業和消費者依賴電子商務（B2B 和 B2C）和網上銀行推動創新以滿足日益增長的客戶需求，雲原生技術在其中發揮了重要作用，同時也加速了雲原生技術的普及。我們正處在一個巨大的轉變之中，越來越多的企業將成爲雲原生企業。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲原生技術自 2015 年由 CNCF 下過定義以後，短短 5 年間發展迅速，已經演變爲一整套的技術體系和方法論。這 5 年間，雲原生並沒有被廣泛認可的確切定義，而是一直處在變化發展之中，每個雲廠商、每個“雲原生居民”、每個開發者都有各自的理解。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一個可以觀測到的現象是，企業對上雲的態度已經從業務上雲變成了雲原生上雲。華爲雲提出了雲原生 2.0 的技術標準，阿里雲提出了核心系統全面雲原生化，騰訊雲發佈了企業雲原生路線圖。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這一切戰略意圖的背後，體現的正是中國雲廠商對雲原生化的敏銳洞察：建立中國廠商定義的雲原生標準，在中國規模化的技術試驗田下推動雲原生技術走向成熟，成爲雲原生領域的事實標準。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 CNCF 基金會的全景圖中可以看到，中國雲廠商、開源企業在關鍵節點下都有突出展現。而在 CNCF 歷年的調查報告中顯示，中國在雲原生領域的貢獻逐年遞增，已經成爲一股不可忽視的龐大力量。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/dc\/dc611b028a3275142f6a2a72f3bc6564.webp","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當前國內雲廠商不管是在雲原生實踐，還是在 CNCF 基金會的貢獻，都可以稱得上引領者。中國規模的技術沙盒，更是前沿技術走向成熟的最好試驗田。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"向市場要規模，向行業要標準，這也是中國雲計算市場未來繼續健壯發展的內在要求：與其在別人劃下的規則下活動，不如參與到標準的制定中。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"生態：做好連接者、助力新基建"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"做智能世界的“黑土地”——華爲雲"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不做 SaaS，被集成——阿里雲"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"做企業的數字化助手——騰訊雲"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"細細品味一下以上三句論述，不能看出 HAT 三家巨頭對雲計算服務的定位空前一致：做幫助者，而非顛覆者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這正是構建良性生態的核心所在。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於一個行業而言，技術永遠不會是唯一的關鍵，如何能讓自己的技術產品走出去，讓外面的用戶夥伴走進來，在一個繁榮共生的圈子裏，相互提點共同、印證技術發展的路線，纔是王道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你能看到華爲雲接連發布“華爲雲 Stack”、“智能體”等產品，舉辦多場“DevRun 開發者沙龍”、“華爲雲聯創營”等活動背後的深意；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你能看到阿里巴巴提出的“雲釘一體”，下連阿里雲基礎設施，上承客戶的各種應用；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你能看到騰訊雲戰略升級了“千帆計劃”，從“一雲一端”到“一雲多端”。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一切，爲了生態。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但生態並不僅僅是 To B 和 To C，還得有 To G 的參與。而新基建政策就是最好的抓手。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國務院發展研究中心資源與環境政策研究所副所長李佐軍去年曾說："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"過去的基礎設施投資主要集中在鐵路、公路、機場等領域，這些投資規模大、週期長，短期刺激作用明顯，但是投資回報相對慢一些。而新基建與高新技術發展緊密相連，是發展信息化、智能化、數字化的重要載體，也是創造與滿足新需求的重要保障。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近年來，政企成爲了全面雲化的排頭兵，如何提升城市治理水平，加速智慧城市建設，加快發展數字政務等能力是亟待解決的問題。各大雲廠商針對該場景也提出了自己的解決方案，比如阿里雲的“城市大腦”、騰訊雲的“WeCity”，華爲雲則在 2020 年 9 月發佈了智能體，這是業界首次針對政企智能升級提出的系統化參考架構。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中國正在加速擁抱數字經濟。政企上雲、傳統企業數字化轉型已經不是故事，而是事實。2020 年的疫情黑天鵝雖然對實體經濟造成了重創，卻也給新基建政策的落地按下了加速鍵。疫情期間，華爲 WeLink 、阿里雲釘釘、騰訊會議等在線會議平臺在洶湧的線上流量衝擊下，紛紛擴容，加速了服務器的大規模部署，也開啓了超大型數據中心的進一步規劃，給了雲計算以更廣闊的施展天地。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"失之東隅，收之桑榆。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開源：建立信任、健全標準"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"曾幾何時，以 MongoDB、Redis 爲代表的開源廠商們視雲廠商爲洪水猛獸：他們都是吸血鬼，利用開源軟件賺取了大量利益卻從不回饋社區。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而現在，同樣是以 MongoDB 爲代表的開源廠商卻主動與雲廠商展開了合作，利用雲廠商的平臺優勢觸達更多客戶，將自己的商業模式與雲深度綁定，各取所需共同發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這一切變化的背後，表象是開源與雲計算從“相殺”走向了“相愛”，實則是開源的特性是雲廠商與企業、開發者建立信任最好的方式，也是讓雲計算更加標準化的最佳路徑。另一方面，雲計算先進的商業模式又讓開源廠商找到了更大的市場與想象空間。二者的關係從野蠻競爭走向了通力合作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企業使用雲服務的核心需求是降本增效，雲廠商說服企業上雲的核心關鍵在於建立信任：怎樣確保數據的穩定性、安全性、可控性、災備的可恢復性以及對核心業務的無影響、弱感知性？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開源文化所代表的開放、共享、共建的特性，天然地培育了反商業壟斷、反霸權的技術土壤。開源的即是“去廠商綁定”的，對企業來說選擇權在我。開源項目背後龐大的技術社區與使用場景，又讓開源項目的技術進步得以生生不息，不斷提升着技術能力與產品體驗。雲廠商的售後服務與支持，又對開源項目的快速迭代提供了幫助。在此基礎之上，雲計算也變得越來越標準化，企業和開發者使用雲服務的門檻變得越來越低，未來甚至會出現低代碼 \/ 無代碼升級下的“零門檻”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 年 9 月，雲計算“獨角獸”Snowflake 成功上市，創造了史上規模最大的軟件業界募資案例，這也是股神巴菲特首次投資科技股。然而，Snowflake 的成功在國內並非沒有對標者，國內的兩大開源創業公司 PingCAP 和 Kyligence 同樣在用類似的產品、商業模式前行着。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"無一例外的，這兩家開源企業都非常認同，雲是更加現代的商業模式。再進一步，開源其實是一種最佳的資源組織模式。在開源以前，很多創新都是由單一的企業來進行，但在開源以後卻是由整個社區裏的企業、開發者來一起實現創新，這是開源的魅力和強大所在。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 InfoQ 發佈的《2020 中國技術力量》年度榜單上，來自華爲雲、阿里雲、騰訊雲三大巨頭的開源項目、雲原生客戶案例均有斬獲，恰恰證明了雲廠商對開源的態度——開源是雲的最佳拍檔。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"寫在最後"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner 每年都會發布一份《技術炒作生命週期》的研究報告，揭示未來可能會獲得更多關注甚至取得成功的技術方向。鮮爲人知的是，這其中很多的熱門技術最終都消散在了技術發展的長河裏，沒有掀起一絲波瀾。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這揭示了一個道理：上層技術的發展終歸要依託於底層技術的進步，只有在肥沃的智能世界黑土地之上，才能培育出健壯的創新技術與產品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"軟硬件作爲數字經濟的 IT 基礎設施，木桶效應十分明顯：從芯片、操作系統、數據庫等核心方面缺一不可，只要有一個短板，就將在未來競爭中陷入被動。中國雲計算乃至科技公司的發展，只有「HAT」還遠遠不夠，未來還應該有更多技術創新、商業模式的創新，在中國規模化的場景下得到印證，成爲下一代的事實標準。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，根據近期 CNCF 公佈的第三次中國雲原生調查報告告數據顯示，公有云的使用率從 2018 年 11 月峯值的 51％ 下降到了 36％，取而代之的是使用率 39％ 的混合雲。相對公有云市場的一家獨大，混合雲市場的不確定性更多，不管是 IBM 還是華爲雲，都有着自己的優勢和機會，未來混合雲市場下的廝殺也會越發慘烈。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲計算的市場格局遠未到蓋棺定論之時，2021 年不會是終點，但卻一定是做到了技術、生態、開源三位一體的雲的變革拐點。"}]}]}