新垣結衣嫁了個“非典型性”程序員

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今天來追個熱點，但這篇文章並不會去過多分析《逃避可恥但有用》裏的程序員男主，而是透過這個視角去觀察一個日本 IT 業界的現狀。   ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gakki 不會嫁碼農，但森山實慄可以","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"昨天大概是衆多男同胞們“人生最痛苦”的一天，一如當年高圓圓嫁人的時候。誰曾想一天不到，失之東隅收之桑榆，佟麗婭終於離開了大家心心念念刀在手要殺的陳狗，不得不感嘆人生的玄妙。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"記得多年前曾經有人問過新垣結衣，想和哪種類型的男性結爲伴侶，她的答案我並不知道，但她卻明確表示了——IT 男，不要。無怪乎當《逃避可恥但有用》上映的時候，有人調侃說這是碼農意淫劇。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/bd/bded02dba622b2c1e9e54420160fe322.png","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我看過的日劇並不多，僅有的幾部可能也是午夜檔，只能跟兄弟們交流，沒法跟姑娘們安利。但《逃避可恥但有用》，卻是一部老少咸宜的日劇，甚至跟午夜檔一樣，觀衆以男性居多。畢竟就連我的肥宅前同事，也叫 Gakki 做老婆。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但作爲一個在開發者社區混跡多年的人，我個人覺得劇中的男主平匡卻不像是一個典型性的程序員，雖然他在劇中的造型非常典型。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/81/811a46d63e3df8c3d1100a87136664d4.png","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"劇裏的平匡，年齡 35 歲。首先這個年齡就很微妙，在中國那是處在一個風口浪尖之上啊，沒想到在日本也同樣如此，35 歲的年紀被裁員了……這樣一看，好像更典型了？但彆着急，我們往下分析他爲啥是非典型性程序員。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"派遣社員 VS 正社員","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很多人初看劇時，喜歡代入到國內環境，但實際上各個國家的 IT 環境都大有不同。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我之前在 InfoQ 的時候，曾經想寫一篇稿子介紹中美日印歐，這幾個國家/地區的 IT 環境和程序員現狀。但後來因爲工程量實在太過浩大，最終選擇了放棄，前期只花時間調研了日本的一些相關行業信息。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在日本，做程序員一般分爲兩種，一種是派遣社員，一種是正社員。劇中的平匡在被裁員以後，爲了養活 Gakki 老婆，決定去找工作，當時他搜索界面裏的一個關鍵詞就是“正社員”","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/c8/c8d3d565cd2ad3e6f2ad79d3fc9c5845.png","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"派遣社員，有點類似於國內的外包公司。僱傭你的是人才派遣公司，你上班的地方是依據項目決定，有時候你可能會被派遣到在日外企比如 Oracle、IBM 這種，有時候你可能會被派遣到日本本土的一些企業，規模可大可小。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"正社員，顧名思義就是正式的程序員，這種一般都是直接跟着公司幹，大部分時候是做公司自己的項目，但也有可能會去做一些公司接過來的外包項目。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"兩者之間的區別，其實也跟國內的外包員工跟正式員工的區別相類似，主要在於薪資福利等方面。但不同的是，日本派遣社員的規模相當之龐大，很多國內去日本工作的朋友，也基本都是派遣社員的身份。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以從這個角度上看，平匡同學能拿到正社員的身份，還能有錢養得起 Gakki 這樣的全職主婦，經濟條件其實是相當不錯的。你可能又要覺得，程序員工資高不就是典型嗎，但其實在日本，工資高的並不只是程序員，程序員的社會地位可能也沒你想的那麼高。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"長得像製造業的軟件開發業","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據說麻省理工的一位教授做過一個比喻，這個比喻也是我想寫中美日印歐五大區塊 IT 開發行業現狀大稿的原因。他是這麼說的：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在歐洲，Software as a science（軟件即科學）","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在美國，Software as a business（軟件即商業）","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在印度，Software as a service（軟件即服務）","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在日本，Software as a production（軟件即製造）","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這幾個關鍵詞，就非常形象地解釋了每個國家/地區對於軟件開發的態度的不同：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"歐洲把軟件開發當成科學，很多研究計算機科學的人都在，甚至很多科學研究本身就需要非常強的計算機能力，比如著名的歐洲核子研究中心。","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美國把軟件開發當成商業，著名的硅谷車庫文化裏，誕生了數不勝數的市值令人咋舌的科技公司。","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"印度把軟件開發當成服務，倒是很 SaaS……其實，這就是印度外包聞名世界的直接原因了。","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而日本……他們的軟件開發業其實長得特別像製造業。根因其實也很簡單，可以說日本最初是以實業立國的代表。比如說，提起日本的知名企業，你能聯想到很多：索尼、松下、三菱、東芝、富士通……但這些公司，都不是或者很難稱之爲科技公司。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以從知名度的角度上看，日本天然吸引勞動力加入的公司，是偏向於製造業的公司，不像中美這樣有很多全球知名的科技公司。這就說明了，爲什麼在中美，程序員會是比較高 Level 的工種，而在日本卻不是。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"日本現在的經濟發達水平，決定了其哪怕是酒店大堂打掃衛生的阿姨，可能拿的薪水都不會太低。程序員的薪酬不會拉開跟其他行業的大差距，更不用說軟件開發還容易掉頭髮這個男性心中永遠的痛了。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以從這個角度上看，不僅平匡同學不是典型的程序員，整個日本 IT 界都很難有國內普遍認知上的那種典型程序員了。下面的這個簡歷可以看出來，平匡同學雖然不是很典型的程序員，但起碼是很優秀的那種開發者了：系統工程師、正社員、應用情報技術者/基本情報技術者（這倆是日本的國家 IT 考試，你可以理解爲是職業資格證，門檻還是挺高的）。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/ec/ecb3da14a13df97837b7b38220671ac9.png","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"大家都知道日本人是很嚴謹的，在大多數時候這都是一個褒義詞，比如說製造業就特別需要嚴謹，因爲不嚴謹出的問題可能都不是小事。但在軟件開發行業裏，嚴謹有時候往往代表着死板。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"日本軟件開發的流程非常的程式化，這跟製造業又有異曲同工之妙。具體表現在軟件開發的流程一環嵌一環，環環相扣，前一環沒搞好打死不到下一環。這種軟件開發模式，其實就是我們常規意義上說的瀑布式開發。但問題是，現在都 2021 年了，敏捷開發有時候都難以應付快速變化的市場環境了，你還在那磨機芯一樣地“匠人精神”，實在是有點跟不上時代。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以有人才會說，日本錯過了移動互聯網。畢竟，你精心打磨出來的 App，剛一上線就發現已經落後別人好幾個身位了。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如說前兩年，7-Eleven 做了個移動支付功能叫 7Pay。這個被 7-Eleven 寄予厚望的手機支付功能，本應成爲日本政府推進無現金支付王牌代表的功能，上線 4 天就被人盜刷盜得只能縮小服務，甚至重挫了日本社會對移動支付的安全信任度。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這個功能被盜的邏輯堪稱低劣：7Pay 的系統用郵箱作爲賬號，找回密碼只需要使用「生日」，但生日選項可以不填，默認爲 2019 年 1 月 1 日。找回密碼時，如果填錯，沒有次數限制，並且找回的密碼，可以單獨填寫一個郵箱接收，所以路徑是這樣的：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"只要拿郵箱，用 2019 年 1 月 1 日當生日，選擇找回密碼，因爲總有人不改生日，於是就可以改密碼了，這個賬號就歸你了。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"後面開記者發佈會的時候有人問了：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“爲什麼 7pay 沒有二次驗證？”","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"7-Eleven 的社長答：“二次驗證是什麼？”","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當然了，最後查出來入侵這個功能的犯罪分子來自中國，這也講得通。畢竟中國的軟件開發行業對標日本的話，的確稱得上降維打擊。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"日本 IT 就沒有拿得出手的嗎？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從很久以前開始，中國企業就特別願意接日本的外包工程，因爲日本程序員已經把代碼寫得很詳細了，你接過來的時候只要簡單改改就可以運行。另一個方面，日本企業對於軟件系統的要求遠沒有中國企業那麼苛刻，什麼高可靠高可用高併發那都不重要，壓測這種核武器更是不用提了，你把前端的 UI 界面整漂亮點沒準日方金主就滿意了：斯國一~","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當然前面對日本 IT 業界的調侃有點多，可能會影響到本文的嚴謹性，所以我還是決定去找找日本 IT 業的代表，跟平匡一樣非典型的真實人物。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/92/92cf835475e30eda9e94259a85f7ccad.png","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"照片中間的這位大叔就是一位外表看起來很典型的程序員，但他的經歷同樣不典型。這張照片可以說得上是我的人生巔峯了，畢竟不是每個人都有機會跟一位編程語言之父合照的。這位大叔的名字叫——松本行弘。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在日本，軟件的商業化確實做得比較落後，但軟件的教育工作卻值得世界學習。我印象裏圖靈出版社就有翻譯過很多來自日本的編程語言教材，很多內容對於編程語言的實現和設計都有非常深入的介紹。國內的一些高校也都有選用日本編程教材作爲老師授課的依據，從這個角度看，日本 IT 業界可能文檔寫得也相當不錯😁。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"松本行弘先生在創立 Ruby 語言之初的時候，工作上就非常閒。他剛畢業的時候日本加班很嚴重，不論是 IT 行業還是其他行業都是如此。所以我們經常能在一些日劇裏看到地鐵站裏筋疲力盡睡在地上的上班族。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他說：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當一個人很忙的時候，是基本不可能去創造一個新東西或者搞出什麼創新來的。做開發可以改變世界，這是軟件開發這個職業的迷人之處。從這個角度講，提高自己的工作效率，不加班，擁有自由的時間。利用自己的時間創造新的東西，做一些創新性的工作，這纔是正道，希望這樣的人越來越多，也希望鼓勵這種文化的公司越來越多。","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"回到這篇文章的主題，我也希望國內科技公司的加班越來越少，能出現越來越多的非典型性程序員，讓這個行業變得更好一點。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"祝福 Gakki，畢竟我早就是有老婆的人了。","attrs":{}}]}]}