技術大神破解蘋果M1 MacBook Air 挖礦，性能卻被吊打了

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"蘋果 M1 MacBook Air 可以用來挖礦了，挖礦效率如何？"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如何用M1 MacBook Air挖礦"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"顯卡供不應求，NVIDIA限制挖礦功能，礦工們只好另尋挖礦裝備。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，軟件開發者Yifan Gu（顧一凡）找到了在 M1 MacBook Air 中實現以太坊挖礦的方法，並在GitHub上開源了："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/github.com\/gyf304\/ethminer-m1"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/7e\/05\/7ec7d8bdcac29b23d4dd02d7cb0ca605.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"在M1上挖礦"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在M1 Mac上的挖礦性能怎麼樣呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先是運行現成的ethminer，出現了以下錯誤:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/e2\/4e\/e2fbf65fab9f8371dd23d55367dff44e.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"顯然，Apple GPU 沒有在ethminer中列入白名單。不過這應該很容易解決。相關行在中libethash-cl\/CLMiner.cpp，我將Apple GPU添加到了白名單中，“假裝”它是英特爾GPU。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"然後，boost將無法編譯，因爲它正試圖使用-fcoalesce-templates參數進行編譯，而該參數在最新的clang版本中並不存在。所以我必須將boost更新到最新版本，並修復相關的asio代碼，因爲ethminer使用的是棄用的asio api。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我還需要將OpenSSL升級到最新版本，以使其支持darwin + arm64。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一切都編譯好之後。結果如下："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/fd\/cd\/fd169a53ff58933559b1db8da0c830cd.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/be\/4b\/bea7577fef1ab806f4f3906f4d196a4b.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"按照顧一凡的實驗，M1 MBA挖礦效率一般，僅爲2MH\/s，功耗大約17~20瓦。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比起NVIDIA的CMP專用礦芯，日收益0.14美元左右，還不到1塊錢人民幣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/16\/9c\/165yyfa1107fdb27a486db5byyf40e9c.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與獨立顯卡所提供的性能相比，這些數字顯得有些相形見絀。特別是，可能他們已經針對挖礦場景進行了優化，即使是英偉達最弱的加密貨幣挖掘處理器也擁有26 MH\/s的哈希率。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/a3\/8c\/a3cc4c66f64b19a2fc6b3b7fcbd6e98c.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如上圖所看到的，M1也不能與以太坊的遊戲GPU散列率相提並論。當然，這一差異歸結於英偉達的顯卡有更高的功耗預算，如果將八核設計擴展到更大的設備，具有更強的計算能力，很難判斷蘋果的GPU架構會如何。有報道稱，蘋果正在研發128核的GPU來取代AMD的顯卡，因此，我們可能不用等太久就能找到答案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"顧一凡不是第一個應用 M1 CPU嘗試挖礦的人。去年12月，XMRig 開發人員們就用 M1 Mac 挖門羅幣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"XMRig 利用帶有新M1 ARM處理器的新Mac mini，以3.725 kh \/ s的峯值開採了一整夜，在免繳電費的情況下，獲得的利潤很微薄。與專業礦機相比，該方案似乎也只適合小白。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"英特爾等芯片巨頭紛紛入局挖礦芯片"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"過去幾年間，隨着比特幣價格猛漲，市場對挖礦芯片的需求上升，衆多芯片巨頭紛紛入局挖礦芯片，到虛擬貨幣領域掘金。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2018年年末，Intel 開發出全新的挖礦芯片，並聲稱將比標準的專用集成電路(ASIC)挖礦技術更進一步。此舉引發了業界熱議，成爲芯片巨頭入局挖礦芯片領域的標誌性事件，同時也促進了虛擬貨幣市場的進一步火熱。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Intel 入局引發業界熱議，其實英偉達、臺積電、華碩、AMD等芯片巨頭都早已是領域內玩家。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2017年12月，華碩推出了首款專業礦板——B250 Mining Expert“礦長”，挖礦主板支持19卡同開，主打超耐久性和穩定性。華碩還爲其開發了採礦BIOS模式，有大量CSM豐富配置可自定義。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2018年7月，AMD在接受採訪時聲稱，專門用於挖礦的APU處理器即將發售，而且在不遠的將來。而後AMD的5600XT和5700XT成爲市場上最後歡迎的挖礦顯卡之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年2月18日，英偉達宣佈，將發佈一系列專門用於開採加密貨幣的芯片處理器。英偉達的新型芯片系列命名爲CMP（Cryptocurrency Mining Processor），專用於以太幣的開採。英偉達表示，第一批CMP顯卡將於今年三月份發售，但具體定價尚未公佈。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2月24日，英偉達公佈了最新一個財政年度（截至今年1月底）的財報，數據顯示，英特爾在該財年收入167億美元，同比上升53%，其中游戲GPU銷售在四季度增長超出市場預期。英特爾CFO Colette Kress估計，第四季度中有1億-3億美元的銷售額來自於“礦工”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"搭載M1的Mac 辦公體驗如何"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"M1芯片的發佈備受關注，除了挖礦之外，搭載M1的Mac 辦公體驗如何呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/77\/65\/7708a21a0d96917ae700ed8fd4f7c265.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"蘋果公司正式發佈 M1 處理器是在2020 年 11 月。截至當年底，蘋果總計推出三款搭載 M1 芯片的產品，即 MacBook Air、13 英寸 MacBook Pro 和 Mac Mini。這些設備在基準性能與電池續航等方面均廣受好評。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"公衆號“MacTalk”號主，資深開發者池老師測評後給了一個客觀的測評結果（測試機型爲MacBook Pro 13.3寸 M1 芯片）："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1、超強的續航功能，20 個小時真不是吹的。我週二出差，斷斷續續用了三天沒充電，現在還有 45%。這一點終於讓我拿着 Mac 出差的時候不用擔心電量了，非常的踏實。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2、這個冬天，M1 非常冷，我正常使用這款電腦的時候，M1 永遠冰冷和安靜，像一個高傲的姑娘，無論你做點啥，都冷冷的看着你，冷酷，默然不語。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3、之前 Mac Book 接外部顯示器的時候，屏幕總會抖動，我的 16 寸在長時間熄屏後，外部顯示器就點不亮了。M1 完全沒有這些問題。接上，亮了，之前的 App 會自動平移到外接顯示器裏，斷開，外接顯示器裏的 App 會順滑的平移到 M1 的顯示器裏，沒有任何閃爍。爲什麼接顯示器要閃一下，也許是閃了太久的原因。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4、圖像和視頻處理確實很快，簡直是驚人的快。具備強悍的機器學習能力，這些對專業用戶非常友好。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"5、屏幕永不止息，開蓋即亮，一如 iPhone 和 iPad。這個感受非常的，每次你打開電腦的時候，無一刻等待，直接指紋識別進入電腦處理工作，屏幕就像從來沒有滅過。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"6、日常的 App 兼容度非常好，如果不是原生的 ARM 架構 App，M1 會通過Rosetta 2來轉譯啓動，第一次會慢一點，後面就感覺不到什麼了。蘋果自己的原生 App，比如 XCode、Safari 等，應該是做了優化，打開和使用都快如閃電。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過，因爲這款筆記本內存只有 16 G，如果你打開的 App 足夠多的話，比如幾十款。我因爲一直用 64 G 內存，打開 App 基本不關，App 開多了會耗盡內存，這個導致的問題是系統切換的時候會有卡頓。這個問題也很好解決，比如加內存就夠了。可惜的是，M1 13 寸頂配就是 16G 的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"7、第一次，你能直接在 macOS 上使用 iPhone 和 iPad App，這是個新的起點，一種融合的趨勢躍然紙上，想一下 iOS App Store 上海量的應用，還是很讓人期待的。不過，我用了微信讀書、極客時間、豆瓣等 App，各有各的問題，字體、交互、排版和架構，都有很多需要迭代的地方，無論是 macOS 還是 iOS App 的技術架構，都需要持續完善，目前使用體驗並不好。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"8、M1 對後臺的研發人員，沒有那麼友好，比如 Homebrew，想用的話，需要裝兩套："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1、arch -x86_64 \/bin\/bash -c"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2、$(curl -fsSLhttps:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/Homebrew\/install\/master\/install.sh)"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這是 x86 的，還得來一套原生的，安裝系統服務的時候，有的只支持 x86，有的已經可以支持 Arm 了，需要試一下才能決定用什麼方式安裝。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如 Docker 和虛擬機等，在 M1 上運行都會有各種各樣的問題，Multipass 也不能用了。不過，遷移需要時間，一切都會好起來的。至少常用的 IDE 使用起來都沒有問題，或者問題可以解決。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/blog.yifangu.com\/2021\/02\/26\/mining-ethereum-on-a-m1-mac-gpu\/"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.tomshardware.com\/news\/apple-m1-chip-mining-ethereum\/"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}