当我们谈数字化转型时，我们在说什么

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"什么是数字化？说白了，就是使用数字化信息来使既定的工作方式更简单、更高效。那什么是数字化转型呢？数字转型的目的和核心都是实现业务转型、创新和增长，而我们的基石就是数字化技术。因此，企业做数字化转型，无非就三个目的：业务转型、业务创新、企业增长。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"什么是数字化转型？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自党的十八大以来，习总书记指出：“世界经济数字化转型是大势所趋，新的工业革命将深刻重塑人类社会”“要促进数字经济和实体经济深度融合”。随着大数据、云计算、人工智能等新一代信息技术的快速发展，正在催生出许多新的生产方式、产业形态、商业模式和经济增长点。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在这样的指导思想下，无论企业规模大小，几乎所有企业都在谈数字化转型，似乎每场演讲、每场高端论坛都离不开这一话题。数字化转型热词被屡屡提及之余，企业关于数字化转型的思考也从未停止。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"过往，企业将重要的信息和记录都保存在纸上。在计算机成为主流后，大多数企业开始将纸质版的记录转换为数字计算机文件，这个过程被称为数字化。将纸质版信息数字化后，我们发现查找和共享资料时变得更加容易，数字化的业务效率比旧时的业务效率高出好几倍。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"随着数字技术的发展，人们开始不满足于效率几倍的提升速度，而是想要更快、再快的效率提升。这时，数字化转型的想法开始萌芽。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那么，究竟什么是数字化转型？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其实数字化转型可以分为两部分内容来理解："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"数字化+转型"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"那数字化转型的目标又是什么？答案显而易见，目标肯定是转型，而数字化，只是手段。"},{"type":"text","text":"分别弄清楚这两个部分的概念，最后放在一起，就是最终的答案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先，什么是数字化？说白了，就是使用数字化信息来使既定的工作方式更简单、更高效。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那转型又是什么？转型意味着变化，"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/bBowsHKWtbhEbaO6Cr9J9g","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上汽集团董事长陈虹在谈及未来上汽数字化转型发展"}]},{"type":"text","text":"时提到：要在四个层面上进行数字化改革："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"产品、制造、服务以及组织层面"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"拆开来讲，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一是推出数字化产品"},{"type":"text","text":"，将移动互联网、大数据、人工智能、5G通讯等技术融合到产品中，让产品成为可交流互动、可迭代升级的智能体。以上汽为例，上汽推出了首创互联网汽车新品类，实现了数据的实时在线，累计销量近200万辆。今年年内，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"上汽将发布首款整舱交互5G量产SUV—荣威MARVEL-R，可实现AI辅助驾驶、AI泊车等智驾功能在高速公路、城区道路、停车场等场景的应用，并可实现OTA升级。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二是推进数字化制造"},{"type":"text","text":"。积极推进智能制造，上汽已建成乘用车临港基地、新能源电驱系统宝山基地等多个整车及零部件智能制造标杆工厂。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"以武汉地区的汽车转向系统工厂为例，通过实施“黑灯车间”技术升级，今年疫情期间，在人员到岗不足2成的情况下，依靠自动化设备和数据在线系统，有效保障了生产工作的平稳高效，现场库存下降85%，交付时间减少80%，产品合格率提升到99.9%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三是探索数字化服务。"},{"type":"text","text":"上汽网约车业务“享道出行”上线一年半，聚焦“长三角一体化”主航道，陆续在苏州、宁波、杭州等多个城市运营，高峰时的日订单近10万单。新能源分时租赁、汽车生活服务、企业租车等业务，依托上汽人工智能数据平台，不断丰富产品功能，不断提升服务体验。大力推进数字营销建设，加强线上\/线下的融合发展，在疫情高峰期间，推出了新品云发布、直播带货、虚拟展厅、送车上门等多种在线营销手段，有效解决了用户无法到店的问题，线上销量提升30%以上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四是构建数字化组织"},{"type":"text","text":"。为适应数字化转型的要求，近两年，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"上汽陆续成立了人工智能、大数据、云计算、网络安全等四大中心。2020年初，上汽又专门成立了零束软件分公司，加快打造1个架构（中央大脑和域控制器融合的整车电子电器架构）、2个平台（软件平台和数据平台）和1个体系（软件开发体系），加快提升上汽“软件定义汽车”的能力"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"综合起来，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"数字化转型就是利用数字化信息来使产品、服务、组织以及制造等层面的工作更简单、更高效。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企业为什么要做数字化转型？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"弄清楚了什么是数字化转型，接下来要思考的问题就是为什么企业要做数字化转型？数字化转型赋予企业的价值是什么？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"企业要做转型，归根结底就是想要降本增效，在竞争中处于不败之地。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"数字化转型正在改变业务开展方式，在某些情况下，正在创造全新的业务类别。从内部系统到在线服务再到面对面和客户的交互，通过数字化转型，公司正在退后一步，重新审视他们所做的一切。现在，我们已牢牢地扎根于数字经济时代，各种企业都在创造有效、且具有颠覆性的技术利用方式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Netflix就是一个很好的例子。它最初在多国提供网络视频点播的OTT公司，并同时在美国国内经营实体视频租赁业务。后来，数字创新使大规模流视频成为可能，Netflix则通过以极具竞争力的价格提供庞大的线上视频资源库，以及承接传统的广播和有线电视网络服务而顺利转型。数字化使Netflix不仅能够将视频内容直流式传输给客户，而且还能帮助Netflix获得前所未有的客户观看习惯、喜爱偏好等数据，从而反向帮助Netflix更好地为客户服务，提升业务营收。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因此，可以明确的是：转型的目的是通过持续的降本增效、最终使企业做新做大做强。而在这个过程中，数字化技术是核心手段，利用技术在企业生产、运营、管理的方方面面着手，去达到最终目的。随着数字技术在我们日常生活中发挥越来越重要的作用，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"企业必须与时俱进"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如，要弄清楚数字化和数字化转型的驱动力是什么？"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"业务变化的根源始于客户"},{"type":"text","text":"。现代客户的期望很大程度上是由数字技术和数字创新推动的。当客户在其他地方看到新事物时，也希望从企业那里获得新事物。然而，如果你的企业无法提供这些服务，他们会找到其他可以提供服务的人。数字互联后，客户的选择范围比以往任何时候都要大，他们可以自由地从一个品牌转移到另一个品牌，所需的精力也更少，这种情况之下，企业间的竞争也就更加激烈。从广义上讲，企业做数字化转型的诱因很好理解："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"要么跟上时代潮流顺势做强做大，要么落后就等着被打"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企业该如何进行数字化转型？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"说了这么多，那么到底数字化转型怎么做？企业在数字化转型过程中的基石是什么？数字化转型是一个完整的业务转型。说白了其中最重要的两大因素就是"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"“技术”和“人”"},{"type":"text","text":"。企业转型升级，这不仅涉及更新IT系统和应用程序，这更是企业员工和文化上的转型，是对公司所有流程和做事方式的重新定义。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"数字化转型的关键要素是什么？"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"是了解技术和人才的潜力"},{"type":"text","text":"。也就是就是我们要弄清楚几个问题：技术真正有能力做什么？技术上有哪些不足？企业转型，需要什么样的数字化人才？员工要具备哪些能力才能助力企业完成转型？这样的员工该如何培养......"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"就技术而言，一般可以通过以下三个方面为业务赋能："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"IT赋能："},{"type":"text","text":"打造出轻量化\/服务化PaaS、企业应用系统容器化、一站式敏捷IT开发与运维；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"数据赋能："},{"type":"text","text":"实现数据智能数据归一、数据统一治理与服务、数据实体化融合、数据资产化；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"AI赋能："},{"type":"text","text":"赋予企业智能，改变线性的人为经验决策，向基于大数据与算法模型的机器智能辅助决策，包括感知智能和认知智能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而就人才培养而言，首先我们要搞清楚，我们需要这些人来做什么？"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企业转型，需要什么样的数字化人才？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0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