“如果青雲都活不下來，其他雲廠商就別想了”

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"3月16日，“混合雲第一股”青雲科技正式在科創板上市交易，股票代碼爲“688316”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"在對外的、常規的媒體通稿上，我們能找到這家公司的一切必要信息："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"青雲科技誕生於 2012 年。作爲目前幾家主要的中立雲計算上市公司之一，青雲與 UCloud、金山雲都不太一樣：UCloud 主打公有云，金山雲並未做明確的定位區分，但重點關注遊戲、視頻、AIoT。青雲的最大優勢則在於擁有“一致性架構”的公有云和私有云。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除此之外，青雲還開發了基於Google Kubernetes的容器平臺：KubeSphere。KubeSphere做了軟件的本土化，實現了統一的用戶交互界面，加入了安全管理系統滿足多租戶，對操作系統實現了功能組件化，並且可以向用戶提供後續運維+管理服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"KubeSphere目前已經捐贈給了原生應用基金會（CNCF），成爲完全開源的容器平臺。KubeSphere 完全是硅谷模式運作，上游開放給所有云廠商，下游全球開發者\/貢獻者都可以開發合作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"……"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"但對於熟悉青雲的人而言，你能找到許多更具象、簡潔的標籤來定義這家公司，比如：混合雲、中立、黃允松……"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一家身負“狂名”的技術公司"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"有一篇關於黃允松的採訪提到：“黃允松是個機器人推崇者。在他眼裏，計算機是精確物種，人是模糊物種，讓模糊物種來管理精確物種，可能會是災難。在他父親眼裏，黃允松就像個機器人，生活無趣，什麼都不講究。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"無獨有偶，作爲黃允松家庭和公司上的“老鄰居”，極客邦創始人兼 CEO 霍泰穩也有過相似的評價：“從做 CEO 的老黃到做 CTO 的甘泉，都是技術狂人。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"爲什麼要說“狂”呢？這還要歸功於在某次公司年會上，被黃允松大方喝下肚的酒精。當天半夜，微醺的黃允松忘了帶鑰匙，在自家樓下晃悠，結果遇到了剛加完班的霍泰穩。倆人一合計，乾脆在樓道里聊會吧，霍泰穩就蹲在臺階上問：“青雲能不能在雲計算的市場競爭中活下來？”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"黃允松壓低聲音，放了句“狠話”：“如果青雲都活不下來，其他那些雲計算廠商就別想了。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"事後霍泰穩回憶此事時寫道：“如果讓我總結青雲能夠堅持到現在的原因，很重要的一點應該是技術過硬。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"這樣的調性也直觀地反映在青雲成立九年來所有的對外輸出裏。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2014 年，InfoQ 記者聯繫到黃允松，想聊聊雲計算的發展趨勢，以及 SDN，黃允松欣然同意，並以 AWS 爲例，侃侃而談 SDN（軟件定義網絡） 在雲計算行業的價值，記者幾乎很難找到打岔的機會："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“VPC（virtual private cloud）是 AWS 最重要的功能，開放於 2009 年，應該起步於 2008 或 2007 年。這個功能不是以 SDN 的方式來做的，因爲那時還沒有 SDN，只能走傳統路線，這使得 AWS 無法像 GCE 或者 QingCloud 這樣打從一開始就把 SDN 網絡作爲整體融進去。GCE 宣佈 GA 之後，有不少人寫了評測文章，其中有一篇轉載率比較高，題目是"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http:\/\/yourstory.com\/2013\/12\/google-compute-engine-better-than-aws\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" Ten features that make GCE better AWS "}]},{"type":"text","text":"，列了十個點，其中一點就是 Integrated networking。這個是很重要的……”"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"到了 2015 年，青雲的技術團隊也開始對外輸出積累。在 ArchSummit 北京 2015 全球架構師峯會上，來自青雲的工程師陳海泉分享了議題："},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/AS2015BJ-QingClouSDN2.0","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《 SDN\/NFV 2.0 架構剖析》"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"，解讀青雲如何設計新的 SDN\/NFV 2.0 方案："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“新的產品需要滿足傳統 SDN 的需求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一，數據封裝。也就是實現一個基本的虛擬網絡；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二，實現控制平面。二層、三層的網絡數據進行路由規則的同步，然後下發到虛擬的交換機和路由器裏面去，控制做到 ARP 泛洪抑制；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第三，實現數據平面。除了 DVR 之外，還提供了虛擬邊界路由器。”"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"青雲 QingCloud 系統工程師 Osier Yang 分享了青雲 QingCloud 對象存儲的設計理念、實際的應用案例及進一步研發計劃："},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/QingStore2016","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《青雲對象存儲解決方案應用與實踐》"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"，對企業級存儲方案的演進做了解讀，並以應用廣泛的 HDFS 爲例，討論了許多技術選型存在的問題："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“HDFS 並非爲存儲海量小文件而設計，不適合存儲海量小文件。每一存儲在 HDFS 中的文件、目錄或塊 (Block) 都會有一個對應的索引對象存儲於 NameNode 的內存中，在海量小文件的存儲場景下，NameNode 的內存成爲一個限制。當然，Hadoop 社區爲應對海量小文件也做了一些措施，如HAR (Hadoop Archives) files，及 SequeuesFile。但這些方案均只能緩解問題，並不能從根本上解決問題。”"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2017 年，AlphaGo 擊敗了柯潔，AI 產業的發展突然加速。青雲 QingCloud 的聯合創始人林源做客 InfoQ 聊了聊青雲對 AI 的初步支持："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“我們對 TensorFlow 、MXNet 、Torch 這些都會去兼容，不會特別傾向於哪一個，因爲我們不是要去幫客戶做決策，我們要更通用，不同的用戶需要的不一定是同一個框架。GPU 我們現在只能用 NVIDIA 的卡，因爲 NVIDIA 的開發生態最好。”"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"末了還吐槽了一句：“但 Nvidia 家的卡確實貴……”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"到了 2019 年，青雲已經是業內技術大會的常客，分別參加了 QCon 全球軟件開發大會（廣州 · 2019）、Arch Summit 全球架構師峯會（ 北京 · 2019）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"那一年，青雲也被放在媒體聚光燈下，在上市問題上與 UCloud 被大衆反覆比對，有媒體將其定義爲“競逐 IPO”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"輿論偏愛“明爭暗鬥”這個詞，以形容競爭激烈，這與大家對雲計算市場的“喫瓜”心態也相符：前面巨頭打得熱鬧，後面“小輩”層出不窮。但在後來的對外採訪中，黃允松對這個問題持相反觀點："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“雲計算要看滲透率。在中國，雲計算對傳統IT的滲透率不足10%，是個位數。也就是說，超過90%屬於傳統IT，根本就沒被滲透，哪有什麼競爭？我沒有看到競爭。”"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"作爲青雲科技的投資人，藍馳創投管理合夥人陳維廣，在 InfoQ 的採訪中表達了類似觀點："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“現階段真正的問題是，國內上雲的歷程還沒有完全走完，還有很多企業的 IT 環境是跑在傳統服務器上的。所以應用的雲化趨勢，要以企業雲化的節奏爲前提。”"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"提到黃允松，陳維廣也回憶了與他 2012 年初見時的場景："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“最初他給我看代碼，說通過他的軟件機器人，產品穩定性能夠達到 99.99%，未來會比亞馬遜做得更好，我是不太相信的，心裏想他如果不是個天才就是個大騙子。但他一邊一條條代碼跟我展示，一邊闡述他的雲計算願景，最終打動了我。”"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在這之後，藍馳創投連續投資了青雲科技 4 輪，陪伴青雲科技和“狂人”黃允松超過 9 年，直至上市。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"直上青雲"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"其實，直至上市後，青雲的盈利能力，也一直是大家關注的焦點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"但黃允松和陳維廣都頗有耐心。在業內，亞馬遜AWS在2015年實現盈利，阿里雲2020年第四季度首次實現季度盈利，這事兒急不得。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"當下，公有云在快速發展的同時，逐漸暴露出了一些問題，比如：成本激增、企業上雲負擔越來越重等。因此，更多的企業在上雲時會選擇混合雲，將穩態業務部署在私有云，將敏態業務託管在公有云。根據全球雲管理服務廠商RightScale的報告，全球企業中使用混合雲的比例由2018年的51%增長到2019年的58%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在中國，混合雲的市場潛力更大。根據中國通信研究院數據：2019 年中國企業採用混合雲的比例僅爲 9.8%。同時，中國市場還有自己的特殊性，以央企、國企、政府爲主的大型客戶對自主運維、數據安全的要求更高，更傾向於使用混合雲；互聯網、車聯網等 IoT 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