大力扶持！去年中国投入106亿补贴半导体上市企业，中芯国际获近25亿补贴

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年，对中国半导体产业来说，是在重重阻力之下，奋力奔跑的一年。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年，国家对半导体产业补贴106亿"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，据"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Politics\/International-relations\/US-China-tensions\/Eyeing-US-China-wields-33bn-subsidies-to-bolster-chips-defense?fileGuid=dJyCDCR93kyTWpQq","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"日本经济新闻（亚洲）"}]},{"type":"text","text":"报道，对信息公司 Wind 收集的上市企业财报数据进行统计发现，2020年，中国对上市企业提供的产业补贴达到2136亿元（330亿美元），较去年同期增长了14%，创下历史记录。其中，对半导体、从事新冠疫苗研发的制药企业等的补贴呈现大幅增加趋势。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"国家对半导体产业的补贴显著增长。据统计，国家对半导体行业113家企业的补贴总额为106亿元，较10年前增长了12倍。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"数据显示，2020年，中国最大的芯片代工厂中芯国际获得了近25亿元的补贴，此外，其旗下公司还获得了两家政府基金出资的22.5亿美元融资。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年3月12日，中芯国际和深圳市政府签订了合作框架协议，根据协议，公司和深圳政府（透过深圳重投集团）拟以建议出资的方式在深圳设立晶圆厂。依照计划，中芯深圳将开展项目的发展和营运，项目的新投资额约23.5亿美元，重点生产28纳米及以上的集成电路和提供技术服务，最终实现每月约4万片12吋晶圆的产能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，北方华创集团、中微半导体设备等半导体设备制造厂商所获得的补贴也在增加。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"相关分析认为，国家对半导体行业的大规模注资一定程度上是当前不确定的中美关系的反映。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"值得注意的是，美国正在计划推出一系列刺激半导体制造和研究的激励和补贴措施，5月11日，有消息称，苹果、微软和谷歌等全球最大的芯片购买商正与英特尔公司等顶级芯片制造商新建一个名为美国半导体联盟的游说小组，要求美国政府为芯片制造提供500亿美元补贴。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近几年，国内芯片国产化的呼声高涨，业内芯片厂商正在加紧研发，力求突破芯片卡脖子危机。不过现阶段，国产高端芯片的国产化水平还相对较低。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年1月，云岫资本发布的《2020年中国半导体行业投资解读》报告显示，EDA、IP的国产化率低于10%；FPGA国产化率低于1%；数据中心的交换机、路由器、智能网卡芯片等网络处理芯片领域，国产化率小于20%；存储芯片领域国产化率小于10%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，CPU领域国产化率低于15%，因此飞腾、申威、海光、龙芯、兆芯等头部项目受到国家和政府的重点扶持，赛昉科技等新兴热门的RISC-V CPU公司也推出了世界级的产品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IC Insights预测，到2025年，中国制造的半导体将只占总需求的19.4%。国内通用芯片的生产仍是重中之重。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"国内半导体行业去年投资金额超1400亿元，创历史纪录"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"云岫资本《2020年中国半导体行业投资解读》报告统计，2020年，半导体行业股权投资案例413起，投资金额超过1400亿元人民币，相比2019年约300亿人民币的投资额，增长近4倍，是中国半导体一级市场有史以来投资额最多的一年。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由于国产替代需求强烈，不少半导体公司的业绩增速飞快，投资阶段上也普遍后移，C轮以后的投资比重大幅增加。从细分方向来看，半导体设计公司仍是投资重点。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"半导体企业在资本市场也交出了不错的成绩单。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"报告统计，2020年，中国共有32家半导体公司上市，是有史以来半导体上市数量最多的一年。从市值分布上来看，50亿到100亿之间的公司数量最多，500亿市值企业有6家。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"云岫资本统计，2020年全年，半导体公司市值的平均涨幅约为40%~50%。除了分销板块略微下跌，半导体的大多数板块都连连上涨，其中设计板块涨得最为迅猛。在科创板市值前十强中，半导体公司数量占据半壁江山，科创板半导体市值占据总市值的30%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近年来，国家推出了减税政策、十四五规划、大型基金投资等一系列政策支持芯片半导体发展。2020 年，国家利好政策带动 A 股集成电路板块迎来爆发，龙头企业暴涨数倍，集成电路行业二级市场赚钱效应凸显。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年，对于半导体产业来说，是挑战与机遇并存的一年。云岫资本认为，半导体投资已经进入深水区，“卡脖子”领域和大芯片受到重点关注。贸易摩擦重塑的新产业格局，使得中国市场对卡脖子的半导体产业链上游（EDA、设备和材料）国产化有强烈的需求，国产化率低的卡脖子领域和大芯片，比如EDA\/IP、CPU、GPU、FPGA、网络处理芯片、车用芯片、存储芯片等应重点关注。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一方面，2020年，中国半导体行业的融资情况也十分火热。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企查查大数据研究院发布的《近十年我国芯片半导体品牌投融资报告》显示，2020年，芯片半导体投融资事件458起，拿到融资的企业共计392家，总融资金额高达1097.69亿元，共有16家企业获得总金额超过10亿元融资。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其中，中芯国际是获得最高融资额的企业，中芯国际获得了合计198.5亿元的融资，由国家基金一期、国家大基金二期、上海集成电路和国家集成电路共同注资。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近十年我国芯片半导体赛道共发生投融资事件3169件，总投融资金额超6025亿元，2017年是十年来的最高峰，该年度芯片半导体行业共发生投融资总金额2105亿元。2020年，芯片半导体赛道的投融资金额和数量均在过去十年中排第二位，整体呈稳健递增趋势。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“不管是初创还是成熟的项目，只要是国内投资机构，不论是政府基金还是民间基金，基本没有不投集成电路的，投资的方向逐渐从集成电路设计往更难的集成电路制造和集成电路装备等细分领域拓展”，此前新鼎资本张驰在接受 InfoQ采访时，曾如是形容资本在集成电路行业的火爆程度。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"国内芯片短缺态势严峻"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年以来，受疫情、中美经贸摩擦等多个因素影响，全球半导体遭遇芯片短缺危机，波及汽车、消费电子等多个行业，如在汽车行业，受疫情影响，一些特定汽车电子元件的芯片供应紧张。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"国内芯片短缺态势也尤为严峻。受疫情影响，国内芯片厂商遭遇了停产等产能危机。中美贸易摩擦依旧胶着，美国对华为、中芯国际等多家芯片公司的制裁行为使其遭遇断芯、禁芯危机。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年半导体产业罕见地出现了产能不足的瓶颈。“美黑名单触发了半导体产业之急，由于种种原因，芯片及所有元器件都在涨价，大家都在备货，产能紧张，有些公司甚至没有产能给客户供货。上次发生类似的事情还是在十年前”，文治资本联合创始人唐明德曾向InfoQ表示，他预计 2021 年下半年，芯片产能短缺状态也许会有些缓和。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"缺芯问题也是全球手机厂商所面临的一个重大挑战。中信证券《智能手机行业深度追踪 2021》报告显示，先进制程资源紧缺、手机需求复苏 、下游应用竞争共同加剧芯片缺货 ，预计缺芯问题将持续全年。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此前，小米集团副总裁卢伟冰曾在微博感叹，“今年芯片太缺了，不是缺，是极缺”。芯片短缺已造成2020年第四季度小米智能手机出货量与营收的环比下滑，不及市场预期。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当下全球芯片短缺压力山大，加之，中美贸易关系充满不确定性，华为芯片被禁事件敲响警钟，国内高端芯片生产自主化问题备受关注，国产芯片厂商正在加大研发力度，一些国内大的手机厂商开始布局自研芯片，以寻求缓解“缺芯”之痛的解决方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"参考链接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Politics\/International-relations\/US-China-tensions\/Eyeing-US-China-wields-33bn-subsidies-to-bolster-chips-defense?fileGuid=dJyCDCR93kyTWpQq","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Politics\/International-relations\/US-China-tensions\/Eyeing-US-China-wields-33bn-subsidies-to-bolster-chips-defense"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.sohu.com\/a\/446800750_355020?fileGuid=dJyCDCR93kyTWpQq","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.sohu.com\/a\/446800750_355020"}]}]}]}