再谈前端性能监控及4个最佳工具分享

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于大多数开发人员而言，监控应用程序的性能并不是一个陌生的概念。在某些情况下，我们必须自己进行一些性能调试。通常，当出现影响用户体验或影响成本的大问题时，就需要去监控应用程序的性能。同时我们也需要话时间去查看应用在不同场景下的表现情况。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通常，应用程序的监控是按照不同的方式进行，一般应用程序都由前端和后端组成，因此监控通常按照前端和后端不同进行处理，前端和后端监控的方式有所不同，监控指标同样存在不同。本文将重点介绍前端性能监控及比较流行的监控工具，对于需要开发相关工具的小伙伴可以借鉴这些工具的实现。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"什么是前端应用监控？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"前端监控是开发人员用来跟踪和维护应用程序表现层的运行状况的过程和工具。它基本上是用户将与之交互的所有内容，从内容和菜单到api和其他面向前端的组件。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"应用程序性能监控（简称APM）关注的是用户的体验，而不是服务器和前端之间的通信。虽然这两者都值得关注，但理解用户如何与应用程序交互对于提供良好的体验至关重要。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"前端监控重要吗？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"答案是肯定的，我们使用很多不同的监控工具和技术来监控后端、数据库、内存、CPU等基础设施，而前端的监控没有任何的不同。随着前端网站和应用程序的复杂性的增加，监测的需求也在增加。过去，监测只需要每天ping服务器几次就可以确保正常了。如今，这样已经远远不够，任何停机时间、请求速度缓慢等降低网站和应用性能的现象都可能带来严重的后果。同时用户对于应用的体验相比过去要求也更高了，任何不好的体验都将对用户带来负面影响。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可以解决那些性能问题？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在衡量应用程序性能时，建议重点关注一下三个部分：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"速度","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在网络环境优越的今天，速度是比较重要的指标。缓慢的加载资源会导致瓶颈和糟糕的用户体验，所以尽快解决它们至关重要。那么一个好的网站应该多快？多慢不能被用户接受？可以使用 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测试网站的加载速度。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"加载缓慢的页面会让用户感到沮丧，以至于甚至多出一秒钟的时间也会导致跳出率激增，在其他地方寻找解决方案。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"网站和应用程序的速度应该多快呢？一下是可参考的关键性指标描述：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"小于100毫秒被认为是瞬时的；","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"100ms到300ms的延迟是可感知的；","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一秒钟是用户思想不被打断的极限；","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"用户希望网站在2秒内加载；","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3秒后，40%的访问者会放弃你的网站；","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"10秒是保持用户注意力的极限。","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":5},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"客户端性能的工具","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"现在大多数前端应用程序在浏览器上花费的时间比在服务器端花费的时间要多，原因是新的应用大部分在使用JavaScript框架，比如Vue、React和AngularJS。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这些功能丰富的前端添加了一个需要测量的新层。因此，衡量在客户端本地计算机上运行的应用程序的渲染时间变得至关重要。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/insights/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Google 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提供了对客户端在各种实际浏览器中的性能的深刻洞察。这个工具可以在任何浏览器、任何地点、任何网络条件下测试网页，而且它是免费的。","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"错误和功能","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这里不是在说404或503这样的明显错误。而是那种不太明显的错误，比如第三方API拒绝连接或在应该发送HTTPS请求时发送HTTP请求。这些问题可能会导致严重的服务中断，从而破坏用户的体验。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当你的网站或应用遇到问题时，无论它是JavaScript错误、网络故障，还是特定框架问题，有一个工具会提醒你，这会让你更好的优化网站或应用。使用一个能够进行日志管理的工具，比如Sematext 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提供前端和后台作业的性能的洞察力、主机监视、错误跟踪以及允许从应用程序收集指标的工具。可以通过易于自定义的仪表盘关注有效负载大小、数据库查询、收入以及更多其他内容。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"借助轻量级的Rust支持的代理，AppSignal易于安装。它能监视应用程序的性能，并显示其记录的操作和与之相关的指标的简单分类。可以看到有关CPU使用率、内存分配和网络信息的详细信息，以及显示有关代码实际作用的详细信息的事件时间线。这能够了解应用程序的哪一部分会影响性能，哪些方面需要改进。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"它还有一个异常检测系统，该系统能够预先构建一些警报，这些警报会在一切未正常运行时触发。刚起步并不确定要查找的内容时，或者承受重负荷时，这很有用，并且有太多事情需要跟踪。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"尽管AppSignal易于使用和实施，但它缺少高级日志记录和基础架构监视功能，这将带来一些大问题。能够看到所有前端性能的详细信息，但是其中一半是空白的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"AppSignal具有30天的试用期和简单的定价，基于25万个请求的每月19美元起，直至2500美元的25亿个请求，每月2249美元起。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"特征：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"异常检测","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"开箱即用的警报","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"简易安装","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"简单的定价","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2、Sentry","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/21/218cd44b0794444ad2db89f562db54de.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://sentry.io/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Sentry","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"为项目团队提供了检测和解决影响用户体验的错误和其他问题的工具。它是开源的，并且完全免费的，具有与付费版本相同的优点。在《","attrs":{}},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.devpoint.cn/article/276.shtml","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"浅谈前端异常监控平台实现方案","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"text","text":"》有介绍过。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Sentry会告诉你应用程序何时崩溃或运行太慢以及应用程序的性能，从而能够深入研究需要注意的区域。除了解决错误外，还可以解决最终导致错误的问题。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"特征：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"简易安装","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"利用Google的Web要素来提供有关性能的详细信息","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"交易追踪","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3、Site24x7","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/a7/a741924eae479f8ef07a450ce06efda4.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph",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