QCon 演講實錄 | 大型軟件團隊的數字化項目管理實踐

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021年5月29日-31日，由 InfoQ 中國主辦的 QCon 全球軟件開發大會首站在北京國際會議中心舉行。","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"ONES 聯合創始人兼 CTO 馮斌老師","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"受邀參與大會，並與大家分享了","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"「大型軟件團隊的數字化項目管理實踐」","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。本次演講深刻剖析了百人以上大型軟件團隊在項目管理中的核心痛點問題，並結合 ONES 與客戶的共創實踐經驗，探討如何通過數字化實現業務增長。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/fb/fb4f5c8de7c6530049e004cf2c2561f7.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":16}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"當我們在談論項目管理時","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":16}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"我們在談論什麼","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"研發團隊爲什麼要進行「項目管理」？","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"提升質量、降低返工率、減少成本、提高交付速度","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"等，這些目標都可以總結爲，我們希望保證研發效率、提升效率，更好更快地產出業務價值。爲此，技術管理者引入項目管理方法，並給團隊成員進行多次培訓，還招聘了專職的項目經理/Scrum Master，推進項目管理轉型落地。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"然而即使如此，一些團隊還是會遇到","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"業務部門滿意度不高","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"的情況。其原因在於，在進行項目管理時，僅將其作爲軟件團隊管理的手段，而忽視了","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"軟件項目是通過業務產生價值的，我們還應從整體對項目管理進行考慮","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":16}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"大型軟件團隊的","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":16}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"價值增長飛輪","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"馮斌老師從","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"「目標管理」、「組織管理」和「端到端數字化項目管理」","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"三個方面展開，探討了大型軟件團隊如果實現業務價值的增長。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":14}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"目標管理","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"團隊需要","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"對目標形成一致的認知和共識，聚焦目標","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，如果目標偏離過大，再優秀的執行也難以產出價值。那麼管理者應如何制定目標呢？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全局思維，俯視當下，規劃未來","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"定五年方向，做三年規劃，執行一年目標","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"優先規劃「增加業務價值」的目標","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":14}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"組織管理","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"組織架構設計和團隊文化塑造是加強組織管理的核心手段。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"典型的組織架構分爲","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"「職能型」與「業務型」","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，不同的組織設計反映的是組織的資源分配和團隊協作方式。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/9f/9fe4100cf1ac836df535ee1b0d3547e1.png","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨着組織發展階段的變化，組織架構設計也是動態的。那麼如何選擇適合團隊當前階段的組織架構呢？我們可以分析團隊當前面臨的「業務挑戰」和「技術挑戰」難度，選擇相應的組織架構形式。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/f4/f414cbfedc1a5d59e3bef1bf9b1e85f6.png","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"需要注意的是，「職能型」與「業務型」團隊並不是非黑即白的，根據團隊的具體情況，一個軟件團隊內可能會同時存在兩種組織架構。當團隊規模增加速度超過了 50%，管理者應當機立斷，調整組織架構。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"加強團隊文化建設同樣重要","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，其關鍵在於清晰定義團隊價值觀，並能夠自上而下地貫徹執行。價值觀的重要性不言而喻，從 NLP 神經邏輯層次模型可以看到，上三層的所代表的的價值觀可以影響人的行爲與團隊環境。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/97/979af7c78c995dd8ea7d25caf929edc9.png","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":14}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"端到端數字化項目管理","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"大型團隊的項目管理往往會遇到目標對齊、團隊創新、流程標準化、持續改進等問題，這需要通過建立端到端的數字化項目管理方案來解決。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"目標對齊","attrs":{}}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當大目標沒有對齊時，工作即使完成了也無法產生業務價值。通過將目標拆解爲任務，可以保證研發執行與頂層目標保持一致。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/7d/7dcedc52daeba24c69a0b13d658087e8.png","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic","attrs":{}}],"text":"ONES 項目計劃，WBS 目標分解","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"研發需求源源不斷，在實際的執行中，團隊整體需要聚焦目標，舍九取一，捨棄那些有價值但沒那麼重要的目標。","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"「制定優先級」","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"是聚焦目標的重要手段。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"舍九取一，優先做最重要的任務","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用量化優先級，對所有任務進行排序","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用軟件工具讓團隊共享優先級，全員對齊","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/aa/aa30c959009122466a175c0a776731ea.png","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic","attrs":{}}],"text":"以數字量化「優先級」更清晰","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"2.團隊創新","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"團隊成員按部就班，缺乏創新也是阻礙組織發展的原因之一。在項目管理中，","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"提升組織的信息透明度，沉澱與共享團隊知識","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，能夠建立團隊安全感，提升團隊效率，激發團隊創新創造力。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/be/bef8c9a2203ef0bb12d69e1a6e54832c.png","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic","attrs":{}}],"text":"ONES 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