QCon 演讲实录 | 大型软件团队的数字化项目管理实践

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021年5月29日-31日，由 InfoQ 中国主办的 QCon 全球软件开发大会首站在北京国际会议中心举行。","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"ONES 联合创始人兼 CTO 冯斌老师","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"受邀参与大会，并与大家分享了","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"「大型软件团队的数字化项目管理实践」","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。本次演讲深刻剖析了百人以上大型软件团队在项目管理中的核心痛点问题，并结合 ONES 与客户的共创实践经验，探讨如何通过数字化实现业务增长。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/fb/fb4f5c8de7c6530049e004cf2c2561f7.webp","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":16}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"当我们在谈论项目管理时","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":16}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"我们在谈论什么","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"研发团队为什么要进行「项目管理」？","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"提升质量、降低返工率、减少成本、提高交付速度","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"等，这些目标都可以总结为，我们希望保证研发效率、提升效率，更好更快地产出业务价值。为此，技术管理者引入项目管理方法，并给团队成员进行多次培训，还招聘了专职的项目经理/Scrum Master，推进项目管理转型落地。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"然而即使如此，一些团队还是会遇到","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"业务部门满意度不高","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"的情况。其原因在于，在进行项目管理时，仅将其作为软件团队管理的手段，而忽视了","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"软件项目是通过业务产生价值的，我们还应从整体对项目管理进行考虑","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":16}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"大型软件团队的","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":16}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"价值增长飞轮","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"冯斌老师从","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"「目标管理」、「组织管理」和「端到端数字化项目管理」","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"三个方面展开，探讨了大型软件团队如果实现业务价值的增长。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":14}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"目标管理","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"团队需要","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"对目标形成一致的认知和共识，聚焦目标","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，如果目标偏离过大，再优秀的执行也难以产出价值。那么管理者应如何制定目标呢？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全局思维，俯视当下，规划未来","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"定五年方向，做三年规划，执行一年目标","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"优先规划「增加业务价值」的目标","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":14}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"组织管理","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"组织架构设计和团队文化塑造是加强组织管理的核心手段。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" ","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"典型的组织架构分为","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"「职能型」与「业务型」","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，不同的组织设计反映的是组织的资源分配和团队协作方式。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/9f/9fe4100cf1ac836df535ee1b0d3547e1.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"随着组织发展阶段的变化，组织架构设计也是动态的。那么如何选择适合团队当前阶段的组织架构呢？我们可以分析团队当前面临的「业务挑战」和「技术挑战」难度，选择相应的组织架构形式。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/f4/f414cbfedc1a5d59e3bef1bf9b1e85f6.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"需要注意的是，「职能型」与「业务型」团队并不是非黑即白的，根据团队的具体情况，一个软件团队内可能会同时存在两种组织架构。当团队规模增加速度超过了 50%，管理者应当机立断，调整组织架构。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"加强团队文化建设同样重要","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，其关键在于清晰定义团队价值观，并能够自上而下地贯彻执行。价值观的重要性不言而喻，从 NLP 神经逻辑层次模型可以看到，上三层的所代表的的价值观可以影响人的行为与团队环境。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/97/979af7c78c995dd8ea7d25caf929edc9.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":14}},{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"端到端数字化项目管理","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"大型团队的项目管理往往会遇到目标对齐、团队创新、流程标准化、持续改进等问题，这需要通过建立端到端的数字化项目管理方案来解决。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"目标对齐","attrs":{}}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当大目标没有对齐时，工作即使完成了也无法产生业务价值。通过将目标拆解为任务，可以保证研发执行与顶层目标保持一致。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/7d/7dcedc52daeba24c69a0b13d658087e8.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic","attrs":{}}],"text":"ONES 项目计划，WBS 目标分解","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"研发需求源源不断，在实际的执行中，团队整体需要聚焦目标，舍九取一，舍弃那些有价值但没那么重要的目标。","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"「制定优先级」","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"是聚焦目标的重要手段。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"舍九取一，优先做最重要的任务","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用量化优先级，对所有任务进行排序","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用软件工具让团队共享优先级，全员对齐","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/aa/aa30c959009122466a175c0a776731ea.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic","attrs":{}}],"text":"以数字量化「优先级」更清晰","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"2.团队创新","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"团队成员按部就班，缺乏创新也是阻碍组织发展的原因之一。在项目管理中，","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"提升组织的信息透明度，沉淀与共享团队知识","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，能够建立团队安全感，提升团队效率，激发团队创新创造力。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/be/bef8c9a2203ef0bb12d69e1a6e54832c.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic","attrs":{}}],"text":"ONES Wiki 沉淀团队知识，提升透明度","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"3.流程标准化","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"工作流程标准难以落地，究其原因可以总结为：执行成本高、流程标准限制了创新能力、团队成员养成新习惯周期长。那么如何解决呢？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"剃刀原理：精简流程，将无必要的流程剃掉","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"流程标准保证下限，如实现70%即可，并不需要精确管控","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"将流程标准固化到工具当中，实现自动化","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"利用工具建立流程标准文档","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，并对团队进行培训，保证标准的统一和信息透明。在实际的落地中，还可以","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"将流程固化到工具中","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，实现流程的自动化和大规模应用。例如，提交代码后，任务状态自动更新；父任务的状态根据子任务状态自动更新等，能够大大提高标准流程的执行效率。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/6b/6bae1a883f0df751b0c0b7219f7a1f63.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic","attrs":{}}],"text":"ONES Wiki 建立流程文档","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/29/294d633cdfc68de981f75b72fbb9f74e.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic","attrs":{}}],"text":"ONES Project 自定义工作流","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4.","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"持续改进","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"量化反馈是有效覆盘改进的前提，而足够的项目数据则是量化的前提","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。通过一站式的研发管理工具，统计和分析研发全流程产生的效能数据，能够更加客观、科学地度量团队效能，覆盘改进任务，并将其按照优先级排入任务列表中，实现持续循环改进。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/04/0468dae148049dff3af8de566bef7468.png","alt":"图片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic","attrs":{}}],"text":"ONES Performance 提供多维度效能报表","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":"br"}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"综上所述，大型软件团队在数字化项目管理中，要从提升业务价值的整体方向进行考虑，通过","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"「目标管理」、「组织管理」和「端到端的数字化项目管理」的增长飞轮","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"实现效率提升。各个飞轮叶片是相互推进、相互依赖的，推动其中任意一个叶片都能够让飞轮转动起来。而当三个叶片同时推动，业务价值能够以更快地速度得到提升。","attrs":{}}]}]}