OpenHarmony 2.0 Canary（金絲雀版）發佈，自主研發，不兼容安卓

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"6 月 1 日，開放原子開源基金會（ OpenAtom Foundation，以下簡稱“基金會”）正式發佈 OpenAtom OpenHarmony（以下簡稱\"OpenHarmony\"）2.0 Canary。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"現在，開發者可通過 Gitee 下載完整代碼。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OpenHarmony 開源項目地址："},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/gitee.com\/openharmony?fileGuid=GVjprwhvpxJqhWDK","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/gitee.com\/openharmony"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據悉，OpenHarmony 是由基金會孵化及運營的開源項目，由基金會的 OpenHarmony 項目羣工作委員會負責運作，遵循 Apache 2.0 等開源協議，基於開源的方式，搭建一個智能終端設備操作系統的框架和平臺。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 年 9 月，基金會獲捐 OpenHarmony 開源項目後宣佈開源，隨後組織各方力量對項目開展共建，於 2020 年 12 月聯合七家志願共建單位成立了 OpenHarmony 項目羣工作委員會，七家單位分別是（排名按單位簡稱首字母排序）：博泰、華爲、京東、潤和、億咖通、中科院軟件所、中軟國際。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很快，OpenHarmony 1.0 版本在當年 9 月 10 日正式上線，支持內存爲 128K 到 128M 的終端設備。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021 年 6 月 1 日，OpenHarmony 2.0 Canary 版本宣佈上線，支持內存 128M 以上的各種智能終端設備。與 OpenHarmony 1.0 不同，OpenHarmony 2.0 覆蓋設備範圍延伸到百兆內存及以上的富媒體終端設備。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"截至 2021 年 5 月 31 日，已有 240 多個共建企業、共建機構與個人貢獻者參與項目。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自主研發，不兼容安卓"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在萬物互聯時代，人均持有設備量不斷攀升，設備和場景的多樣性，使應用開發變得更加複雜、應用入口更加豐富。在此背景下，用戶和應用提供方迫切需要一種全新的服務提供方式，讓服務的獲取和使用更便捷、應用開發更簡單。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OpenHarmony 用戶應用程序是一種基於服務原子化概念定義的新型應用。與傳統終端用戶應用程序不同，OpenHarmony 用戶應用程序支持在 OpenHarmony 設備間跨端遷移、多端協同，一次開發多端部署，實現可分可合可流轉。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OpenHarmony 用戶應用程序基於全新設計的 OpenHarmony API\/SDK 開發，可以運行在基於全新 OpenHarmony 開源項目開發的系統上，並可以在多終端之間無縫流轉。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OpenHarmony 程序框架僅支持全新的 OpenHarmony 用戶應用程序運行，不支持基於安卓系統的 API\/SDK 開發的用戶應用程序運行。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OpenHarmony 的技術架構"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/a8\/a8616e11aafe519bf9708388c68bd601.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據悉，OpenHarmony 整體遵從分層設計，從下向上依次爲：內核層、系統服務層、框架層和應用層。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"具體而言，內核層方面：支持多內核，內核抽象層（KAL，Kernel Abstract Layer）屏蔽多內核差異，對上層提供統一的內核能力，如進程\/線程管理、內存管理、文件系統等。驅動框架（HDF）則提供統一外設訪問能力和驅動開發、管理框架。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"系統服務層方面：系統服務層是 OpenHarmony 的核心能力集合，通過框架層對應用程序提供服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"框架層方面：爲應用開發提供了 C\/C++\/JS 等多語言的用戶程序框架和 Ability 框架，JS UI 框架，以及各種軟硬件服務對外開放的多語言框架 API。根據系統的組件化裁剪程度，設備支持的 API 也會有所不同。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"應用層方面：與傳統終端用戶應用程序不同，OpenHarmony 用戶應用程序支持在 OpenHarmony 設備間跨端遷移、多端協同，一次開發多端部署，實現可分可合可流轉。其次，它基於全新設計的 OpenHarmony API\/SDK 開發，能運行在基於全新 OpenHarmony 開源項目開發的系統上，並可以在多終端之間無縫流轉。並且，OpenHarmony 程序框架僅支持全新的 OpenHarmony 用戶應用程序運行，不支持基於安卓 API\/SDK 開發的用戶應用程序運行。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OpenHarmony 的三大特性"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據悉，OpenHarmony 有三大特點："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一是"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"硬件互助，資源共享"},{"type":"text","text":"。這主要通過分佈式軟總線、分佈式數據管理、分佈式任務調度和設備虛擬化模塊實現。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二是"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一次開發，多端部署"},{"type":"text","text":"。據瞭解，OpenHarmony 提供用戶程序框架、Ability 框架以及 UI 框架，能夠保證開發的應用在多終端運行時保證一致性。同時，多終端軟件平臺 API 具備一致性，確保用戶程序的運行兼容性。並且，它還支持在開發過程中預覽終端的能力適配情況（CPU\/內存\/外設\/軟件資源等），支持根據用戶程序與軟件平臺的兼容性來調度用戶呈現。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三是"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"統一 OS，彈性部署"},{"type":"text","text":"。OpenHarmony 通過組件化和組件彈性化等設計方法，做到硬件資源的可大可小，在多種終端設備間，按需彈性部署，全面覆蓋了 ARM、RISC-V、x86 等各種 CPU，從百 KB 到 GB 級別的 RAM。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OpenHarmony 項目治理：開放治理"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據瞭解，OpenHarmony 在開放原子開源基金會的組織下、在 OpenHarmony 項目羣工作委員會的治理下，以工作組、特別興趣小組、子項目形式等方式組織。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"項目治理遵循共商、共建、共享、共贏。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"共商"},{"type":"text","text":"：OpenHarmony 開源項目重大事項由工作委員會各成員單位代表用投票方式共同決定，投票權利均等，一家單位一票，遵循公開明確的 OpenHarmony 項目羣管理制度規則。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"共建"},{"type":"text","text":"：按照約定的規則與流程，貢獻者隨時可以在 OpenHarmony 開源項目 Gitee 社區貢獻代碼，開放原子開源基金會定期組織版本發佈。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"共享"},{"type":"text","text":"：開放原子開源基金會將聯合更多夥伴和開發者，打造開放的、全球化的、創新且領先的面向多智能終端、全場景的分佈式操作系統，構築可持續發展的開源生態系統。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"共贏"},{"type":"text","text":"：所有的企業和個人均可基於 OpenHarmony 的開源代碼，結合自身優勢，去做各個領域的操作系統發行版及終端產品，共同促進生態發展。截至 2021 年 5 月，已有多家公司推出了基於 OpenHarmony 項目開發的智能終端，如智能手錶、智能家電、智慧屏等。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"寫在最後："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從 1.0 到現在，OpenHarmony 已經基本完整，可以覆蓋百 K 級內存及以上的全系列終端設備，支持可穿戴設備、家電、平板電腦、智能電視、手機、汽車等多終端設備。由多方共建、開源開放的 OpenHarmony 不僅爲我國大型開源產業生態建設提供了有益的嘗試，而且將成爲全球智能終端操作系統的一股重要新生力量。"}]}]}