对话腾讯云陈浪交：云原生技术助力泛互企业数字化转型

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"嘉宾 ｜ 陈浪交"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"采访 ｜ 凌敏"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作者 ｜ 张雅文"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当前，在数字化转型浪潮背景下，千行百业积极拥抱云原生，助力业务加快实现变革。5 月 21 日，腾讯云容器产品架构师团队负责人陈浪交在 GTLC 全球总站上发表了《云原生架构在腾讯的演进历程》主题演讲，揭开了腾讯在内部众多业务推广云原生技术背后的关键演进历程与实践。会后，InfoQ 也有幸采访到陈浪交，进一步了解云原生技术为泛互联网行业带来的变革。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"腾讯的云原生架构演进、现状与实践经验"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"云原生的改造过程并非一蹴而就，企业往往会选择比较稳妥的方式去完成云原生改造。过程中一般先拿一些简单的模块试水，逐渐积累云原生的技术经验，加强信心，一步步走到深水区，最终完成整个企业的云原生技术改造。在腾讯，云原生改造同样是一件经过了深思熟虑的事情。根据陈浪交的介绍，在腾讯决定将云原生作为公司的统一技术战线，并给容器产品找到了重要抓手——TKE集群之后，整个改造过程就有序开展了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一阶段，腾讯将新开发的产品线逐步云原生化，从TKE集群逐步迁移。在这个过程中，各业务线的核心系统暂时不动，对接TKE集群。为了满足部分没有上到公有云的业务，腾讯采用混合云的方案，在公有云和IDC里面均部署了TKE集群。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二阶段，腾讯开始考虑将公司的部分离线业务部署到TKE集群。这样做的好处是盘活了事业群的所有资源，进一步提升资源利用率。此外，腾讯对CI进行了统一。内部使用腾讯CI，公有云提供Coding。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第三阶段，腾讯主要针对之前出现的一些问题进行优化。通过优化，消除了两层调度带来的调度复杂度，解决部分敏感业务的隔离性、稳定性问题，同时满足了需要临时资源任务计算的需求等。这个阶段产生了新的产品——EKS，自研云成果也逐步推广到公有云客户。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"经过几年的技术积累，腾讯的云原生承受住了非常多内外部业务的考验，到现在已经步入非常成熟的阶段。腾讯云原生产品矩阵，涵盖了从软件研发、计算资源、架构框架、数据存储与处理到安全防护等五个大领域，30多个细分产品领域。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/01\/06\/01ffa2b7c816fe06606176774e1c0106.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"回顾腾讯云原生改造历程，陈浪交认为，其中的关键在于腾讯鼓励各个BG创新，对各BG在产品以及技术发展上给予了很大的自由度，这种公司文化极大地促进了公司产品的多样性，带来的问题是很难统筹整个公司的技术发展路线。在930变革之后，腾讯加大了公司技术委员会的投入，从总办层面自上而下推动技术路线、基础设施的统一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在云原生的实践过程中，腾讯积累的经验主要可归结为以下3点："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"公司管理需注重柔性管理与刚性管理结合。"},{"type":"text","text":"柔性体现在给予团队更大的自由度，使得个人创造力得到充分发挥。刚性体现在对于公司内共性的、基础性的能力，需要统筹。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"云原生等重大架构演进需要顶层推动。"},{"type":"text","text":"云原生是一个技术生态，涉及到DevOps过程的方方面面，也涉及到所有技术团队的配合，落地过程需要持续、强力的推进。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"演进过程不能一蹴而就。"},{"type":"text","text":"前期需要做好调研跟技术积累，在业务容器化的同时做好DevOps工具链的对接，同时技术能力较强的企业可以逐步把离线、大数据、AI、中间件等业务也持续做好容器化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"云原生技术助力泛互联网企业加快数字化转型"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在陈浪交看来，泛互联网行业是云原生技术使用率最高的行业。一方面，在泛互联网行业，产品发布和技术人员的迭代都非常迅速。而云原生最大的特点就是敏捷。另一方面，泛互联网行业的技术人员相对来说对新技术更敏感，他们能够敏锐察觉云原生的优势。比起制造业、政企传统，人员储备能力相对强一些。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"腾讯的目标是让企业上云“更简单”，当前，腾讯云在泛互联网企业已积累了多个最佳实践。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以电商为例，作为近年关注度较高的产业领域，电商行业发展迅猛。随着业务规模的爆发增长，高效提升用户访问体验和购物体验尤为重要。于此同时，电商平台普遍面临原有服务器资源有限，自建强大稳定的基础设施投入大、维护成本高、需耗费大量人力物力的问题，这些问题的存在正掣肘平台快速增长的步伐。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基于此，选择云服务作为弹性手段，快速部署业务成为一个较优的选择。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"腾讯云打造的云原生解决方案，为各种规模的企业提供灵活、安全、稳定、低成本的方案，助力泛互联网领域企业加快数字化转型，缩短开发周期，从容面对业务高峰、安全压力等，在市场竞争中脱颖而出。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"云原生是统一与开放、成本与创新的最佳平衡"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"云原生技术助力泛互联网企业加快数字化转型的同时，也帮助企业实现了业务创新。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"陈浪交认为，云原生是统一与开放、成本与创新的最佳平衡。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓统一与开放，统一指的是，云原生作为一个大的平台，把各项技术方案及整个架构都统一到云原生上面。开放是指云原生技术是开源的，由大家共建。比如大数据场景，通过云原生推出，各个公司都可以拿来用，不仅平台是开放，上面的很多组件是开放的，就连平台上衍生其他的能力也是开放的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓成本与创新，指的是云原生在实现资源统一调度的同时，可以非常便捷的管控整体对资源的利用率，节约资源方面的成本。团队协作起来，效率更高，可以减少大家的沟通成本。在云原生之前，企业可能需要一些专门管服务器的运维人员、专门管部署的人员、还需要负责测试的人员，现在整个DevOps效率提升了以后，在云原生框架之下，整个团队人员会少一些，每个人的能力会更强。通过技术层面的创新，降低各方面的成本，实现成本与创新的最佳平衡。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"写在最后"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在采访的最后，陈浪交也对容器技术的未来趋势做出了3点预测："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"容器将会深入到更多的场景。"},{"type":"text","text":"通常企业先是把在线业务迁移到容器，同时会建设基于容器的DevOps平台或者工具链。在这个过程中，企业将更加深入地认识到容器在标准化、降本增效方面的价值，决定把在线业务之外的包括离线业务、大数据、AI、中间件等业务都迁移到容器。这个趋势是不可逆转的，一旦使用了代表先进生产力的云原生技术，一定会有把所有工作负载都接入的想法，这同时也会推动社区不断完善云原生生态，使其支持更多的场景、降低企业接入的成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"服务治理。"},{"type":"text","text":"Kubernetes提供了较好的sidecar容器的支持，使得我们能够把应用中通用的、统一的部分能力抽象出来通过sidecar容器来部署，这为服务治理提供了重要的基础能力。以前的服务治理框架集成在应用的sdk中，不同开发语言、框架的sdk如何支持协议转换、能力如何对齐， sdk的升级是一件非常艰难的工作。企业接入到云原生架构后，可以把这些能力统一到sidecar中，Istio就是一个非常典型的基于sidecar的服务治理平台。随着Kubernetes的普及，应用服务治理跟应用本身的解耦，通用的、平台化的服务治理能力趋势越来越明显。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Serverless化。"},{"type":"text","text":"Kubernetes极大地提升了集群工作负载调度和资源管理的能力，但维护Kubernetes集群节点，以及对接弹性伸缩资源池也是一项比较复杂和繁琐的工作。我们理想化的需求是我只需要关心业务，经过标准化的devops流程进行开发、发布、升级业务，至于何时需要扩容、缩容，准备、销毁计算资源、资源利用率我都不需要关心。随着云计算的进一步发展，各大云厂商都在努力提供serverless化的云原生服务，包括serverless 函数，serverless Kubernetes集群等，这些产品都不需要客户维护计算资源，平台会根据各种指标来决定如何进行资源弹性伸缩，客户只需要关心自己的业务，以及为实际需要的资源量付费。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"嘉宾介绍："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"陈浪交，"},{"type":"text","text":"腾讯云、容器产品架构师团队负责人。十年后台开发经验，先后在阿里巴巴广告与搜索、百度凤巢团队从事核心广告检索服务开发，16年起负责腾讯云容器服务整体架构设计与开发，目前主要负责腾讯云容器服务的售前、售中、售后相关工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]}]}