Fuchsia OS vs Harmony OS 誰是下一個領跑

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"導讀：近日，谷歌向外界公開了Fuchsia OS操作系統。這在Fuchsia OS從研發之初曝光到現在的數年時間之後，終於正式推向市場。另據9to5Google 消息，谷歌第一代Nest Hub用戶即將陸續收到更新，Fuchsia OS將取代其內置的Cast OS。另外，華爲也將在6月2日晚 8 時舉行線上發佈會，正式公佈可以覆蓋手機等移動終端的鴻蒙操作系統。我們帶大家梳理下這兩款系統在技術上以及定位上的一些區別。","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"兩款系統簡介","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"谷歌Fuchsia OS系統","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在研發計劃曝光數年之後，谷歌終於向市場推出了 Fuchsia OS：從 Nest Hub 開始，谷歌的操作系統可以在實際的消費類設備上運行了，這意味着谷歌已將 FuchsiaOS 從內部測試拓展到更廣闊的公衆領域。Fuchsia OS是谷歌研發的新一代操作系統，部分繼承了安卓系統的UI設計和界面邏輯，是一款面向多平臺的操作系統，可以應用於手機、電腦、平板、智能穿戴、智能硬件和智能家居等設備。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/72/7230b03f2cf0b22e4fcf90538a4fb805.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"華爲Harmony OS系統","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國產操作系統現狀由剛開始的拿來用，逐漸發展成爲現在的自主研發，國產操作系統正在快速崛起，華爲的鴻蒙系統就是一個很好的例子。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/75/75d3346b98454f4c35f4524f0e26a53d.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"華爲鴻蒙系統（英文：HUAWEI Harmony OS）","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，在2019年8月9日，華爲在東莞舉行華爲開發者大會，正式發佈操作系統Harmony OS。華爲鴻蒙系統自誕生起，便伴隨着許多爭議，即便鴻蒙在去年更新2.0版本，變成了一款看得見、摸得着的產品。在2021年5月25日，華爲對外公佈，將在6月2日晚 8 時舉行線上發佈會，正式公佈可以覆蓋手機等移動終端的鴻蒙操作系統。這意味着，鴻蒙手機版也將正式到來了，這也是繼 2019 年“官宣”鴻蒙操作系統後，該系統正式搭載到智能手機。華爲消費者BG軟件部總裁王成錄表示：“華爲鴻蒙並非安卓系統翻版，也不是iOS的拷貝，鴻蒙系統是一個真正面向未來IoT時代的全景操作系統。”","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"技術區別","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"內核","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS 的內核是全新設計的新內核，有嵌入式 OS 領域的頂尖專家加盟，可能是個輕量級的內核，加上模塊化的設計，這樣才能適配不同資源受限設備，它的優點就是谷歌擁有控制權。","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HarmonyOS 的內核優點是支持靈活擴展，可以適配不同資源受限的設備，在一個操作系統統一設備上層操作，應該說是與分佈式架構配套的支持不同設備的很好的解決方案。","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"系統","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS 的架構的四層介紹的比較多，但四層的功能說明資料卻很少且大多雷同， Garnet 包含各種操作系統所需的各種底層功能，包括硬件的驅動程序（網絡，圖形等）和軟件安裝功能。Peridot google 服務和應用層，類似於 Android 的 google gms 服務，爲谷歌公司系列應用提供支持。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"鴻蒙 HarmonyOS 的架構整體遵從分層層次化設計，從下向上依次爲：內核層、系統服務層、框架層和應用層。系統功能按照“系統 —> 子系統 —> 功能/模塊”逐級展開，在多設備部署場景下，支持根據實際需求裁剪某些非必要的子系統或功能/模塊。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"定位區別","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從定位來區分，分爲領個方向：一是使用操作系統的合作廠商生態，另一是開發者生態。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS 和 HarmonyOS 的出現都是圍繞着繞開安卓另起爐竈，這就意味着都得拋開所有的 Android 生態重新開始，從意義上來說二者的生態基礎是相同的，但實際上二者在此還是有些差異。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爲一方面將 HarmonyOS 將源代碼捐贈給開放原子開源基金會進行孵化，另一方面積極構建應用創新夥伴圈，同時華爲與高校合作聯合培養鴻蒙開發人才，啓動 HarmonyOS 高校人才培育計劃，將推動超過 15 款 HarmonyOS 課程走入高校，以培養更多 HarmonyOS 全棧開發後備力量。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谷歌採用的策略是在 2018 年 12 月的時候發佈可被用來開發安卓、iOS 和 Fuchsia OS APP 的 SDK Flutter 正式版，通過提前發佈跨平臺的應用開發框架爲後續 Fuchsia OS 的開發佈局。但是在當前 Android 生態蓬勃發展的形式下，讓開發者將應用往 flutter 遷移是個短時間內還不可能完成的事情。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"市場以及應用方面","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Fuchsia OS1.0 目前推送到 2018 年發佈的初代 Nest Hub 智能顯示器上，在 2 年之內繼續在谷歌的一些家用設備上發佈該操作系統。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HarmonyOS 已經搭載在華爲自家的手錶、平板、顯示器、藍牙耳機新品上，並在今年的 6 月 2 日開始進行 Mate40、P40 系列、mate30 系列以及 MatePadPro 的版本搭載，後續將會有更多系列的華爲已有設備將搭載 HarmonyOS系統。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從市場來看，HarmonyOS 系統已經搶佔先機，提前一步，無論是品種還是數量都比 Fuchsia OS 多得多，作爲一名中國人，還是比較希望華爲能持續擴大目前的優勢，但是也不能輕敵，需要時刻提防 Fuchsia OS，谷歌的整體環境比華爲要好很多，這是谷歌獨具的優勢所在。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"總結","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在萬物互聯的大趨勢下，一條全新的賽道已展開，一統多平臺操作系統領域目前還沒有成爲標準的壟斷者，谷歌現有的Android，Chrome OS等操作系統並不太適合這個新領域的應用形態，在生態層面，大家無疑是處在同一起跑線，誰能成爲這條賽道的領跑者，還有待時間的驗證。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"未來已來，讓我們拭目以待！","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":"center","level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40A9FF","name":"blue"}}],"text":"參考文獻","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.theverge.com/2020/12/8/22163225/google-fuchsia-os-call-contributors-mailing-list-governance","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https://fuchsia-china.com","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https://baike.baidu.com/item/Fuchsia%20OS/22363855?fr=aladdin","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https://baike.baidu.com/item/華爲鴻蒙系統/23500650?fr=aladdin","attrs":{}}]}]}