曝騰訊阿里考慮互相開放生態系統，有望迎來世紀大和解？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"馬老闆和馬老闆的握手。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"阿里、騰訊考慮互相開放生態系統"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"7月15日，據道瓊斯報道，騰訊和阿里巴巴考慮互相開放生態系統。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爾街日報援引消息人士的說法稱，雙方的初步舉措是阿里巴巴將微信支付引入淘寶和天貓，騰訊會向阿里開放信息分享，允許微信用戶使用阿里巴巴小程序等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，騰訊和阿里均未對此作出迴應。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果上述傳聞屬實，那麼這對於整個互聯網行業來說，無疑是一個可以載入發展史冊的重大事件。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此前，阿里和騰訊高高駐起自家的“籬笆”。阿里系不能使用微信支付，微信禁止分享阿里系的鏈接，各自形成“流量閉環。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而一旦雙方互通，在淘寶、天貓上可以使用微信支付，用戶在微信上可以分享淘寶天貓的購物鏈接，對於用戶來說，更方便，也有了更自由的選擇。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於騰訊和阿里來說，此次握手，也是互有助益。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果騰訊向阿里開放信息分享，允許微信用戶使用阿里巴巴小程序。那麼，阿里的電商業務或將如魚得水。阿里系電商如果接入騰訊小程序後，在微信、QQ上能更方便地分享商品鏈接，以低成本獲得流量。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而阿里巴巴將微信支付引入支付寶和天貓，對微信支付而言也將獲得強大的增長引擎。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在移動支付領域，騰訊和阿里已平分秋色，淘系電商向微信支付開放，騰訊支付在移動支付領域的地位可以得到進一步鞏固。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"科技巨頭面臨反壟斷壓力"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當下，互聯網公司面臨較大的反壟斷壓力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年11月，市場監管總局發佈了《關於平臺經濟領域的反壟斷指南（徵求意見稿）》。該指南出臺當日，阿里、騰訊、京東、美團等互聯網上市公司股價下跌。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此後，多家互聯網巨頭被反壟斷調查。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年 12 月，市場監管總局依據《反壟斷法》對阿里巴巴集團在中國境內網絡零售平臺服務市場濫用市場支配地位行爲立案調查。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"經查，阿里巴巴集團在中國境內網絡零售平臺服務市場具有支配地位。自 2015 年以來，阿里巴巴集團濫用該市場支配地位，對平臺內商家提出“二選一”要求，禁止平臺內商家在其他競爭性平臺開店或參加促銷活動，並藉助市場力量、平臺規則和數據、算法等技術手段，採取多種獎懲措施保障“二選一”要求執行，維持、增強自身市場力量，獲取不正當競爭優勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021年4 月 10 日，市場監管總局依法作出行政處罰決定，責令阿里巴巴集團停止違法行爲，並處以其 2019 年中國境內銷售額 4557.12 億元 4% 的罰款，計 182.28 億元。182.28 億元是目前國內開出的最大一筆罰單。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"該罰單公佈後，阿里巴巴迅速回應，併發布公告稱：對此處罰，我們誠懇接受，堅決服從。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年12月29日，美團被曝因取消支付寶渠道遭遇反壟斷訴訟，北京知識產權法院已立案審理。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年3月，市場監管總局根據《中華人民共和國反壟斷法》第四十八條、第四十九條作出行政處罰決定，騰訊、百度、滴滴等十二家企業分別處以 50 萬元人民幣罰款，包括騰訊收購猿輔導案、百度收購小魚集團股權案等十起案件均違反了《中華人民共和國反壟斷法》第二十一條，構成違法實施經營者集中，評估認爲不具有排除、限制競爭效果。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同月，關於反壟斷的最新情況，騰訊控股主席馬化騰首次作出迴應。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在騰訊控股 2020 年業績發佈會上，馬化騰表示，會積極配合監管部門，總的來說盡可能做到合規，保證長遠的發展。此外，騰訊控股總裁劉熾平則表示，關於反壟斷已經跟相關部門多次見面，對這方面要求跟政府都有定期會議，在會議當中談及多項議題，期待能夠打造一個健康的環境，讓更多創新在國內發生，騰訊也一直非常重視合規和要求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"7月8日，監管部門對互聯網行業 22 起違法實施經營者集中案件開出罰單。其中涉及阿里巴巴 6 起，涉及騰訊 5 起，這些案件均違反了《中華人民共和國反壟斷法》第二十一條，構成違法實施經營者集中，評估認爲不具有排除、限制競爭效果。同時，市場監管總局根據《中華人民共和國反壟斷法》第四十八條、四十九條作出行政處罰決定，對涉案企業分別處以 50 萬元人民幣罰款。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中國互聯網行業正在迎來反壟斷、強監管的時代。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從目前的形勢看，反壟斷監管或許會成爲常態化的趨勢。對於巨頭來說，反壟斷可能意味着要動它們的蛋糕。但對於中小公司乃至整個互聯網行業來說，反壟斷有利於營造更加公平的競爭環境。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對互聯網行業可能的影響"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"兩個超級巨頭如果上演世紀大和解，也必將對整個互聯網行業產生重大而深遠的影響，可能有人歡喜有人憂。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"騰訊和阿里的核心業務其實沒有特別大的正面衝突，阿里的主業是電商，騰訊的基因是社交，兩家如果互相開放，或許還可能實現1+1>2的效果。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"和解傳聞傳到資本市場，也得到了正向的反饋。昨晚美股開盤後，阿里的股價漲了2%，騰訊的ADR漲了2.4%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但，對於騰訊和阿里各自的競爭對手而言，就不一定是好消息了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對當下騰訊系流量的最大對手字節跳動可能不利。在社交和娛樂領域，字節跳動在對騰訊系發起了猛烈的進攻。且字節跳動也正在遊戲、電商、本地生活和支付方面發力。巨頭聯手，字節跳動的競爭壓力更大了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，拼多多等電商平臺也會受到一定影響。昨晚美股開盤後，依賴騰訊系流量的拼多多和京東股價下跌。京東跌2.4%，拼多多大跌6%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如今電商平臺的競爭愈發激烈，拼多多作爲後起之秀，在短短几年時間裏，迅速崛起爲國內TOP5的互聯網公司。去年11月，拼多多首次實現季度盈利。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這幾年，拼多多對阿里電商的攻勢也越來越猛。截至 2020 年 9 月底，拼多多年度活躍買家數達到 7.3 億。而同期，阿里巴巴中國零售市場年度活躍消費者達到 7.42 億。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"拼多多年活用戶數據已逼近阿里，二者之間的差距僅不足 2 千萬用戶。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在月活數據上，拼多多增速可觀，奮力縮小與阿里之間的差距。截止去年 9 月底，拼多多 APP 端月活用戶數 6.4 億。阿里2020年 Q3 季度月活用戶爲 8.81 億，拼多多與阿里的月活差距在 2.4 億左右。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"拼多多之所以迅速崛起，一個很大的優勢就是，它能在微信場景下進行鏈接直跳轉，還能在整個微信的環境下完成購買。拼多多的“砍一刀”在微信用戶羣中十分流行，由用戶向微信好友發起邀請，與他人等拼單成功後，就能以更低的價格買到所有商品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果騰訊和阿里全面打通，拼多多的流量優勢可能減弱。"}]}]}